| Control Domain |
Control |
Name |
MetadataId |
Category |
Title |
Owner |
Requirements |
Description |
Info |
Policy# |
| Azure_Security_Benchmark_v1.0 |
2.3 |
Azure_Security_Benchmark_v1.0_2.3 |
Azure Security Benchmark 2.3 |
Logging and Monitoring |
Enable audit logging for Azure resources |
Customer |
Enable Diagnostic Settings on Azure resources for access to audit, security, and diagnostic logs. Activity logs, which are automatically available, include event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
How to collect platform logs and metrics with Azure Monitor:
https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/platform/diagnostic-settings
Understand logging and different log types in Azure:
https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/platform/platform-logs-overview |
n/a |
link |
15 |
| Azure_Security_Benchmark_v2.0 |
LT-4 |
Azure_Security_Benchmark_v2.0_LT-4 |
Azure Security Benchmark LT-4 |
Logging and Threat Detection |
Enable logging for Azure resources |
Shared |
Enable logging for Azure resources to meet the requirements for compliance, threat detection, hunting, and incident investigation.
You can use Azure Security Center and Azure Policy to enable resource logs and log data collecting on Azure resources for access to audit, security, and resource logs. Activity logs, which are automatically available, include event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
Understand logging and different log types in Azure: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/platform/platform-logs-overview
Understand Azure Security Center data collection: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/security-center/security-center-enable-data-collection
Enable and configure antimalware monitoring: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/security/fundamentals/antimalware#enable-and-configure-antimalware-monitoring-using-powershell-cmdlets |
n/a |
link |
13 |
| Azure_Security_Benchmark_v3.0 |
LT-3 |
Azure_Security_Benchmark_v3.0_LT-3 |
Azure Security Benchmark LT-3 |
Logging and Threat Detection |
Enable logging for security investigation |
Shared |
**Security Principle:**
Enable logging for your cloud resources to meet the requirements for security incident investigations and security response and compliance purposes.
**Azure Guidance:**
Enable logging capability for resources at the different tiers, such as logs for Azure resources, operating systems and applications inside in your VMs and other log types.
Be mindful about different type of logs for security, audit, and other operation logs at the management/control plane and data plane tiers. There are three types of the logs available at the Azure platform:
- Azure resource log: Logging of operations that are performed within an Azure resource (the data plane). For example, getting a secret from a key vault or making a request to a database. The content of resource logs varies by the Azure service and resource type.
- Azure activity log: Logging of operations on each Azure resource at the subscription layer, from the outside (the management plane). You can use the Activity Log to determine the what, who, and when for any write operations (PUT, POST, DELETE) taken on the resources in your subscription. There is a single Activity log for each Azure subscription.
- Azure Active Directory logs: Logs of the history of sign-in activity and audit trail of changes made in the Azure Active Directory for a particular tenant.
You can also use Microsoft Defender for Cloud and Azure Policy to enable resource logs and log data collecting on Azure resources.
**Implementation and additional context:**
Understand logging and different log types in Azure:
https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/platform/platform-logs-overview
Understand Microsoft Defender for Cloud data collection:
https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/security-center/security-center-enable-data-collection
Enable and configure antimalware monitoring:
https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/security/fundamentals/antimalware#enable-and-configure-antimalware-monitoring-using-powershell-cmdlets
Operating systems and application logs inside in your compute resources:
https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/agents/data-sources#operating-system-guest |
n/a |
link |
13 |
| CIS_Azure_1.3.0 |
5.3 |
CIS_Azure_1.3.0_5.3 |
CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark recommendation 5.3 |
5 Logging and Monitoring |
Ensure that Diagnostic Logs are enabled for all services which support it. |
Shared |
The customer is responsible for implementing this recommendation. |
Diagnostic Logs capture activity to the data access plane while the Activity log is a subscription-level log for the control plane. Resource-level diagnostic logs provide insight into operations that were performed within that resource itself, for example, getting a secret from a Key Vault. Currently, 32 Azure resources support Diagnostic Logging (See the references section for a complete list), including Network Security Groups, Load Balancers, Key Vault, AD, Logic Apps and CosmosDB. The content of these logs varies by resource type. For example, Windows event system logs are a category of diagnostics logs
for VMs, and blob, table, and queue logs are categories of diagnostics logs for storage accounts.
A number of back-end services were not configured to log and store Diagnostic Logs for certain activities or for a sufficient length. It is crucial that logging systems are correctly configured to log all relevant activities and retain those logs for a sufficient length of time. By default, Diagnostic Logs are not enabled. Given that the mean time to detection in an enterprise is 240 days, a minimum retention period of two years is recommended.
Note: The CIS Benchmark covers some specific Diagnostic Logs
separately.
'''
3.3 - Ensure Storage logging is enabled for Queue service for read, write, and delete requests
6.4 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow Log retention period is 'greater than 90 days'
''' |
link |
21 |
| CIS_Azure_1.4.0 |
5.3 |
CIS_Azure_1.4.0_5.3 |
CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark recommendation 5.3 |
5 Logging and Monitoring |
Ensure that Diagnostic Logs Are Enabled for All Services that Support it. |
Shared |
The customer is responsible for implementing this recommendation. |
Diagnostic Logs capture activity to the data access plane while the Activity log is a subscription-level log for the control plane. Resource-level diagnostic logs provide insight into operations that were performed within that resource itself, for example, getting a secret from a Key Vault. Currently, 32 Azure resources support Diagnostic Logging (See the references section for a complete list), including Network Security Groups, Load Balancers, Key Vault, AD, Logic Apps and CosmosDB. The content of these logs varies by resource type. For example, Windows event system logs are a category of diagnostics logs
for VMs, and blob, table, and queue logs are categories of diagnostics logs for storage accounts.
A number of back-end services were not configured to log and store Diagnostic Logs for certain activities or for a sufficient length. It is crucial that logging systems are correctly configured to log all relevant activities and retain those logs for a sufficient length of time. By default, Diagnostic Logs are not enabled. Given that the mean time to detection in an enterprise is 240 days, a minimum retention period of two years is recommended.
Note: The CIS Benchmark covers some specific Diagnostic Logs
separately.
'''
3.3 - Ensure Storage logging is enabled for Queue service for read, write, and delete requests
6.4 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow Log retention period is 'greater than 90 days'
''' |
link |
21 |
| CMMC_2.0_L2 |
AU.L2-3.3.1 |
CMMC_2.0_L2_AU.L2-3.3.1 |
404 not found |
|
|
|
n/a |
n/a |
|
40 |
| CMMC_2.0_L2 |
AU.L2-3.3.2 |
CMMC_2.0_L2_AU.L2-3.3.2 |
404 not found |
|
|
|
n/a |
n/a |
|
38 |
| FedRAMP_High_R4 |
AU-12 |
FedRAMP_High_R4_AU-12 |
FedRAMP High AU-12 |
Audit And Accountability |
Audit Generation |
Shared |
n/a |
The information system:
a. Provides audit record generation capability for the auditable events defined in AU-2 a. at [Assignment: organization-defined information system components];
b. Allows [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to select which auditable events are to be audited by specific components of the information system; and
c. Generates audit records for the events defined in AU-2 d. with the content defined in AU-3.
Supplemental Guidance: Audit records can be generated from many different information system components. The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. These events are typically a subset of all events for which the information system is capable of generating audit records. Related controls: AC-3, AU-2, AU-3, AU-6, AU-7.
References: None. |
link |
39 |
| FedRAMP_High_R4 |
AU-12(1) |
FedRAMP_High_R4_AU-12(1) |
FedRAMP High AU-12 (1) |
Audit And Accountability |
System-Wide / Time-Correlated Audit Trail |
Shared |
n/a |
The information system compiles audit records from [Assignment: organization-defined information system components] into a system-wide (logical or physical) audit trail that is time- correlated to within [Assignment: organization-defined level of tolerance for relationship between time stamps of individual records in the audit trail].
Supplemental Guidance: Audit trails are time-correlated if the time stamps in the individual audit records can be reliably related to the time stamps in other audit records to achieve a time ordering of the records within organizational tolerances. Related controls: AU-8, AU-12. |
link |
36 |
| FedRAMP_High_R4 |
AU-6(4) |
FedRAMP_High_R4_AU-6(4) |
FedRAMP High AU-6 (4) |
Audit And Accountability |
Central Review And Analysis |
Shared |
n/a |
The information system provides the capability to centrally review and analyze audit records from multiple components within the system.
Supplemental Guidance: Automated mechanisms for centralized reviews and analyses include, for example, Security Information Management products. Related controls: AU-2, AU-12. |
link |
35 |
| FedRAMP_High_R4 |
AU-6(5) |
FedRAMP_High_R4_AU-6(5) |
FedRAMP High AU-6 (5) |
Audit And Accountability |
Integration / Scanning And Monitoring Capabilities |
Shared |
n/a |
The organization integrates analysis of audit records with analysis of [Selection (one or more): vulnerability scanning information; performance data; information system monitoring information; [Assignment: organization-defined data/information collected from other sources]] to further enhance the ability to identify inappropriate or unusual activity.
Supplemental Guidance: This control enhancement does not require vulnerability scanning, the generation of performance data, or information system monitoring. Rather, the enhancement requires that the analysis of information being otherwise produced in these areas is integrated with the analysis of audit information. Security Event and Information Management System tools can facilitate audit record aggregation/consolidation from multiple information system components as well as audit record correlation and analysis. The use of standardized audit record analysis scripts developed by organizations (with localized script adjustments, as necessary) provides more cost-effective approaches for analyzing audit record information collected. The correlation of audit record information with vulnerability scanning information is important in determining the veracity of vulnerability scans and correlating attack detection events with scanning results. Correlation with performance data can help uncover denial of service attacks or cyber attacks resulting in unauthorized use of resources. Correlation with system monitoring information can assist in uncovering attacks and in better relating audit information to operational situations. Related controls: AU-12, IR-4, RA-5. |
link |
36 |
| FedRAMP_Moderate_R4 |
AU-12 |
FedRAMP_Moderate_R4_AU-12 |
FedRAMP Moderate AU-12 |
Audit And Accountability |
Audit Generation |
Shared |
n/a |
The information system:
a. Provides audit record generation capability for the auditable events defined in AU-2 a. at [Assignment: organization-defined information system components];
b. Allows [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to select which auditable events are to be audited by specific components of the information system; and
c. Generates audit records for the events defined in AU-2 d. with the content defined in AU-3.
Supplemental Guidance: Audit records can be generated from many different information system components. The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. These events are typically a subset of all events for which the information system is capable of generating audit records. Related controls: AC-3, AU-2, AU-3, AU-6, AU-7.
References: None. |
link |
39 |
| hipaa |
1206.09aa2System.23-09.aa |
hipaa-1206.09aa2System.23-09.aa |
1206.09aa2System.23-09.aa |
12 Audit Logging & Monitoring |
1206.09aa2System.23-09.aa 09.10 Monitoring |
Shared |
n/a |
Auditing is always available while the system is active and tracks key events, success/failed data access, system security configuration changes, privileged or utility use, any alarms raised, activation and de-activation of protection systems (e.g., A/V and IDS), activation and deactivation of identification and authentication mechanisms, and creation and deletion of system-level objects. |
|
7 |
| NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3 |
.3.1 |
NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3.3.1 |
NIST SP 800-171 R2 3.3.1 |
Audit and Accountability |
Create and retain system audit logs and records to the extent needed to enable the monitoring, analysis, investigation, and reporting of unlawful or unauthorized system activity |
Shared |
Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. |
An event is any observable occurrence in a system, which includes unlawful or unauthorized system activity. Organizations identify event types for which a logging functionality is needed as those events which are significant and relevant to the security of systems and the environments in which those systems operate to meet specific and ongoing auditing needs. Event types can include password changes, failed logons or failed accesses related to systems, administrative privilege usage, or third-party credential usage. In determining event types that require logging, organizations consider the monitoring and auditing appropriate for each of the CUI security requirements. Monitoring and auditing requirements can be balanced with other system needs. For example, organizations may determine that systems must have the capability to log every file access both successful and unsuccessful, but not activate that capability except for specific circumstances due to the potential burden on system performance. Audit records can be generated at various levels of abstraction, including at the packet level as information traverses the network. Selecting the appropriate level of abstraction is a critical aspect of an audit logging capability and can facilitate the identification of root causes to problems. Organizations consider in the definition of event types, the logging necessary to cover related events such as the steps in distributed, transaction-based processes (e.g., processes that are distributed across multiple organizations) and actions that occur in service-oriented or cloud-based architectures. Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy this requirement includes time stamps, source and destination addresses, user or process identifiers, event descriptions, success or fail indications, filenames involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked. Event outcomes can include indicators of event success or failure and event-specific results (e.g., the security state of the system after the event occurred). Detailed information that organizations may consider in audit records includes full text recording of privileged commands or the individual identities of group account users. Organizations consider limiting the additional audit log information to only that information explicitly needed for specific audit requirements. This facilitates the use of audit trails and audit logs by not including information that could potentially be misleading or could make it more difficult to locate information of interest. Audit logs are reviewed and analyzed as often as needed to provide important information to organizations to facilitate risk-based decision making. [SP 800-92] provides guidance on security log management. |
link |
55 |
| NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3 |
.3.2 |
NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3.3.2 |
NIST SP 800-171 R2 3.3.2 |
Audit and Accountability |
Ensure that the actions of individual system users can be uniquely traced to those users, so they can be held accountable for their actions. |
Shared |
Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. |
This requirement ensures that the contents of the audit record include the information needed to link the audit event to the actions of an individual to the extent feasible. Organizations consider logging for traceability including results from monitoring of account usage, remote access, wireless connectivity, mobile device connection, communications at system boundaries, configuration settings, physical access, nonlocal maintenance, use of maintenance tools, temperature and humidity, equipment delivery and removal, system component inventory, use of mobile code, and use of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). |
link |
41 |
| NIST_SP_800-53_R4 |
AU-12 |
NIST_SP_800-53_R4_AU-12 |
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 AU-12 |
Audit And Accountability |
Audit Generation |
Shared |
n/a |
The information system:
a. Provides audit record generation capability for the auditable events defined in AU-2 a. at [Assignment: organization-defined information system components];
b. Allows [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to select which auditable events are to be audited by specific components of the information system; and
c. Generates audit records for the events defined in AU-2 d. with the content defined in AU-3.
Supplemental Guidance: Audit records can be generated from many different information system components. The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. These events are typically a subset of all events for which the information system is capable of generating audit records. Related controls: AC-3, AU-2, AU-3, AU-6, AU-7.
References: None. |
link |
39 |
| NIST_SP_800-53_R4 |
AU-12(1) |
NIST_SP_800-53_R4_AU-12(1) |
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 AU-12 (1) |
Audit And Accountability |
System-Wide / Time-Correlated Audit Trail |
Shared |
n/a |
The information system compiles audit records from [Assignment: organization-defined information system components] into a system-wide (logical or physical) audit trail that is time- correlated to within [Assignment: organization-defined level of tolerance for relationship between time stamps of individual records in the audit trail].
Supplemental Guidance: Audit trails are time-correlated if the time stamps in the individual audit records can be reliably related to the time stamps in other audit records to achieve a time ordering of the records within organizational tolerances. Related controls: AU-8, AU-12. |
link |
36 |
| NIST_SP_800-53_R4 |
AU-6(4) |
NIST_SP_800-53_R4_AU-6(4) |
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 AU-6 (4) |
Audit And Accountability |
Central Review And Analysis |
Shared |
n/a |
The information system provides the capability to centrally review and analyze audit records from multiple components within the system.
Supplemental Guidance: Automated mechanisms for centralized reviews and analyses include, for example, Security Information Management products. Related controls: AU-2, AU-12. |
link |
35 |
| NIST_SP_800-53_R4 |
AU-6(5) |
NIST_SP_800-53_R4_AU-6(5) |
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 AU-6 (5) |
Audit And Accountability |
Integration / Scanning And Monitoring Capabilities |
Shared |
n/a |
The organization integrates analysis of audit records with analysis of [Selection (one or more): vulnerability scanning information; performance data; information system monitoring information; [Assignment: organization-defined data/information collected from other sources]] to further enhance the ability to identify inappropriate or unusual activity.
Supplemental Guidance: This control enhancement does not require vulnerability scanning, the generation of performance data, or information system monitoring. Rather, the enhancement requires that the analysis of information being otherwise produced in these areas is integrated with the analysis of audit information. Security Event and Information Management System tools can facilitate audit record aggregation/consolidation from multiple information system components as well as audit record correlation and analysis. The use of standardized audit record analysis scripts developed by organizations (with localized script adjustments, as necessary) provides more cost-effective approaches for analyzing audit record information collected. The correlation of audit record information with vulnerability scanning information is important in determining the veracity of vulnerability scans and correlating attack detection events with scanning results. Correlation with performance data can help uncover denial of service attacks or cyber attacks resulting in unauthorized use of resources. Correlation with system monitoring information can assist in uncovering attacks and in better relating audit information to operational situations. Related controls: AU-12, IR-4, RA-5. |
link |
36 |
| NIST_SP_800-53_R5 |
AU-12 |
NIST_SP_800-53_R5_AU-12 |
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 AU-12 |
Audit and Accountability |
Audit Record Generation |
Shared |
n/a |
a. Provide audit record generation capability for the event types the system is capable of auditing as defined in [AU-2a](#au-2_smt.a) on [Assignment: organization-defined system components];
b. Allow [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to select the event types that are to be logged by specific components of the system; and
c. Generate audit records for the event types defined in [AU-2c](#au-2_smt.c) that include the audit record content defined in [AU-3](#au-3). |
link |
39 |
| NIST_SP_800-53_R5 |
AU-12(1) |
NIST_SP_800-53_R5_AU-12(1) |
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 AU-12 (1) |
Audit and Accountability |
System-wide and Time-correlated Audit Trail |
Shared |
n/a |
Compile audit records from [Assignment: organization-defined system components] into a system-wide (logical or physical) audit trail that is time-correlated to within [Assignment: organization-defined level of tolerance for the relationship between time stamps of individual records in the audit trail]. |
link |
36 |
| NIST_SP_800-53_R5 |
AU-6(4) |
NIST_SP_800-53_R5_AU-6(4) |
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 AU-6 (4) |
Audit and Accountability |
Central Review and Analysis |
Shared |
n/a |
Provide and implement the capability to centrally review and analyze audit records from multiple components within the system. |
link |
35 |
| NIST_SP_800-53_R5 |
AU-6(5) |
NIST_SP_800-53_R5_AU-6(5) |
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 AU-6 (5) |
Audit and Accountability |
Integrated Analysis of Audit Records |
Shared |
n/a |
Integrate analysis of audit records with analysis of [Selection (OneOrMore): vulnerability scanning information;performance data;system monitoring information; [Assignment: organization-defined data/information collected from other sources] ] to further enhance the ability to identify inappropriate or unusual activity. |
link |
36 |
| NZ_ISM_v3.5 |
AC-18 |
NZ_ISM_v3.5_AC-18 |
NZISM Security Benchmark AC-18 |
Access Control and Passwords |
16.6.9 Events to be logged |
Customer |
n/a |
The events to be logged are key elements in the monitoring of the security posture of systems and contributing to reviews, audits, investigations and incident management. |
link |
20 |
| NZISM_Security_Benchmark_v1.1 |
AC-17 |
NZISM_Security_Benchmark_v1.1_AC-17 |
NZISM Security Benchmark AC-17 |
Access Control and Passwords |
16.6.9 Events to be logged |
Customer |
Agencies MUST log, at minimum, the following events for all software components:
logons;
failed logon attempts;
logoffs;
date and time;
all privileged operations;
failed attempts to elevate privileges;
security related system alerts and failures;
system user and group additions, deletions and modification to permissions; and
unauthorised or failed access attempts to systems and files identified as critical to the agency. |
The events to be logged are key elements in the monitoring of the security posture of systems and contributing to reviews, audits, investigations and incident management. |
link |
15 |
| RBI_CSF_Banks_v2016 |
16.3 |
RBI_CSF_Banks_v2016_16.3 |
|
Maintenance, Monitoring, And Analysis Of Audit Logs |
Maintenance, Monitoring, And Analysis Of Audit Logs-16.3 |
|
n/a |
Enough care is to be taken tocapture audit logs pertaining to user actions in a system. Such arrangements should facilitate forensic auditing, if need be. |
|
6 |
| RBI_CSF_Banks_v2016 |
17.1 |
RBI_CSF_Banks_v2016_17.1 |
|
Audit Log Settings |
Audit Log Settings-17.1 |
|
n/a |
Implement and periodically validate settings for capturing of appropriate logs/audit trails of each device, system software and application software , ensuring that logs include minimum information to uniquely identify the log for example by including a date, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and various other useful elements of each packet and/or event and/or transaction. |
|
15 |
| RMiT_v1.0 |
11.18 |
RMiT_v1.0_11.18 |
RMiT 11.18 |
Security Operations Centre (SOC) |
Security Operations Centre (SOC) - 11.18 |
Shared |
n/a |
The SOC must be able to perform the following functions:
(a) log collection and the implementation of an event correlation engine with parameter-driven use cases such as Security Information and Event Management (SIEM);
(b) incident coordination and response;
(c) vulnerability management;
(d) threat hunting;
(e) remediation functions including the ability to perform forensic artifact handling, malware and implant analysis; and
(f) provision of situational awareness to detect adversaries and threats including threat intelligence analysis and operations, and monitoring indicators of compromise (IOC). This includes advanced behavioural analysis to detect signature-less and file-less malware and to identify anomalies that may pose security threats including at endpoints and network layers. |
link |
15 |
| SWIFT_CSCF_v2021 |
6.4 |
SWIFT_CSCF_v2021_6.4 |
SWIFT CSCF v2021 6.4 |
Detect Anomalous Activity to Systems or Transaction Records |
Logging and Monitoring |
|
n/a |
Record security events and detect anomalous actions and operations within the local SWIFT environment. |
link |
35 |
| SWIFT_CSCF_v2022 |
6.4 |
SWIFT_CSCF_v2022_6.4 |
SWIFT CSCF v2022 6.4 |
6. Detect Anomalous Activity to Systems or Transaction Records |
Record security events and detect anomalous actions and operations within the local SWIFT environment. |
Shared |
n/a |
Capabilities to detect anomalous activity are implemented, and a process or tool is in place to keep and review logs. |
link |
53 |