last sync: 2024-Mar-18 18:48:08 UTC

Azure Defender for SQL should be enabled for unprotected Azure SQL servers

Azure BuiltIn Policy definition

Source Azure Portal
Display name Azure Defender for SQL should be enabled for unprotected Azure SQL servers
Id abfb4388-5bf4-4ad7-ba82-2cd2f41ceae9
Version 2.0.1
Details on versioning
Category SQL
Microsoft Learn
Description Audit SQL servers without Advanced Data Security
Mode Indexed
Type BuiltIn
Preview False
Deprecated False
Effect Default
AuditIfNotExists
Allowed
AuditIfNotExists, Disabled
RBAC role(s) none
Rule aliases THEN-ExistenceCondition (1)
Alias Namespace ResourceType DefaultPath Modifiable
Microsoft.Sql/servers/securityAlertPolicies/state Microsoft.Sql servers/securityAlertPolicies properties.state true
Rule resource types IF (1)
Microsoft.Sql/servers
Compliance
The following 95 compliance controls are associated with this Policy definition 'Azure Defender for SQL should be enabled for unprotected Azure SQL servers' (abfb4388-5bf4-4ad7-ba82-2cd2f41ceae9)
Control Domain Control Name MetadataId Category Title Owner Requirements Description Info Policy#
AU_ISM 1537 AU_ISM_1537 AU ISM 1537 Guidelines for System Monitoring - Event logging and auditing Events to be logged - 1537 n/a The following events are logged for databases: • access to particularly important data • addition of new users, especially privileged users • any query containing comments • any query containing multiple embedded queries • any query or database alerts or failures • attempts to elevate privileges • attempted access that is successful or unsuccessful • changes to the database structure • changes to user roles or database permissions • database administrator actions • database logons and logoffs • modifications to data • use of executable commands. link 3
Azure_Security_Benchmark_v1.0 2.7 Azure_Security_Benchmark_v1.0_2.7 Azure Security Benchmark 2.7 Logging and Monitoring Enable alerts for anomalous activity Customer Use Azure Security Center with Log Analytics Workspace for monitoring and alerting on anomalous activity found in security logs and events. Alternatively, you may enable and on-board data to Azure Sentinel. How to onboard Azure Sentinel: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/sentinel/quickstart-onboard How to manage alerts in Azure Security Center: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/security-center/security-center-managing-and-responding-alerts How to alert on log analytics log data: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-monitor/learn/tutorial-response n/a link 2
Azure_Security_Benchmark_v1.0 4.5 Azure_Security_Benchmark_v1.0_4.5 Azure Security Benchmark 4.5 Data Protection Use an active discovery tool to identify sensitive data Customer When no feature is available for your specific service in Azure, use a third-party active discovery tool to identify all sensitive information stored, processed, or transmitted by the organization's technology systems, including those located on-site, or at a remote service provider, and update the organization's sensitive information inventory. Use Azure Information Protection for identifying sensitive information within Office 365 documents. Use Azure SQL Information Protection to assist in the classification and labeling of information stored in Azure SQL Databases. How to implement Azure SQL Data Discovery: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/sql-database/sql-database-data-discovery-and-classification How to implement Azure Information Protection: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/information-protection/deployment-roadmap n/a link 2
Azure_Security_Benchmark_v3.0 IR-3 Azure_Security_Benchmark_v3.0_IR-3 Microsoft cloud security benchmark IR-3 Incident Response Detection and analysis - create incidents based on high-quality alerts Shared **Security Principle:** Ensure you have a process to create high-quality alerts and measure the quality of alerts. This allows you to learn lessons from past incidents and prioritize alerts for analysts, so they don't waste time on false positives. High-quality alerts can be built based on experience from past incidents, validated community sources, and tools designed to generate and clean up alerts by fusing and correlating diverse signal sources. **Azure Guidance:** Microsoft Defender for Cloud provides high-quality alerts across many Azure assets. You can use the Microsoft Defender for Cloud data connector to stream the alerts to Azure Sentinel. Azure Sentinel lets you create advanced alert rules to generate incidents automatically for an investigation. Export your Microsoft Defender for Cloud alerts and recommendations using the export feature to help identify risks to Azure resources. Export alerts and recommendations either manually or in an ongoing, continuous fashion. **Implementation and additional context:** How to configure export: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/security-center/continuous-export How to stream alerts into Azure Sentinel: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/sentinel/connect-azure-security-center n/a link 17
Azure_Security_Benchmark_v3.0 IR-5 Azure_Security_Benchmark_v3.0_IR-5 AMicrosoft cloud security benchmark IR-5 Incident Response Detection and analysis - prioritize incidents Shared **Security Principle:** Provide context to security operations teams to help them determine which incidents ought to first be focused on, based on alert severity and asset sensitivity defined in your organization’s incident response plan. **Azure Guidance:** Microsoft Defender for Cloud assigns a severity to each alert to help you prioritize which alerts should be investigated first. The severity is based on how confident Microsoft Defender for Cloud is in the finding or the analytics used to issue the alert, as well as the confidence level that there was malicious intent behind the activity that led to the alert. Additionally, mark resources using tags and create a naming system to identify and categorize Azure resources, especially those processing sensitive data. It is your responsibility to prioritize the remediation of alerts based on the criticality of the Azure resources and environment where the incident occurred. **Implementation and additional context:** Security alerts in Microsoft Defender for Cloud: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/security-center/security-center-alerts-overview Use tags to organize your Azure resources: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-resource-manager/resource-group-using-tags n/a link 17
Azure_Security_Benchmark_v3.0 LT-1 Azure_Security_Benchmark_v3.0_LT-1 Microsoft cloud security benchmark LT-1 Logging and Threat Detection Enable threat detection capabilities Shared **Security Principle:** To support threat detection scenarios, monitor all known resource types for known and expected threats and anomalies. Configure your alert filtering and analytics rules to extract high-quality alerts from log data, agents, or other data sources to reduce false positives. **Azure Guidance:** Use the threat detection capability of Azure Defender services in Microsoft Defender for Cloud for the respective Azure services. For threat detection not included in Azure Defender services, refer to the Azure Security Benchmark service baselines for the respective services to enable the threat detection or security alert capabilities within the service. Extract the alerts to your Azure Monitor or Azure Sentinel to build analytics rules, which hunt threats that match specific criteria across your environment. For Operational Technology (OT) environments that include computers that control or monitor Industrial Control System (ICS) or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) resources, use Defender for IoT to inventory assets and detect threats and vulnerabilities. For services that do not have a native threat detection capability, consider collecting the data plane logs and analyze the threats through Azure Sentinel. **Implementation and additional context:** Introduction to Azure Defender: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/security-center/azure-defender Microsoft Defender for Cloud security alerts reference guide: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/security-center/alerts-reference Create custom analytics rules to detect threats: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/sentinel/tutorial-detect-threats-custom Cyber threat intelligence with Azure Sentinel: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/architecture/example-scenario/data/sentinel-threat-intelligence n/a link 20
Azure_Security_Benchmark_v3.0 LT-2 Azure_Security_Benchmark_v3.0_LT-2 Microsoft cloud security benchmark LT-2 Logging and Threat Detection Enable threat detection for identity and access management Shared **Security Principle:** Detect threats for identities and access management by monitoring the user and application sign-in and access anomalies. Behavioral patterns such as excessive number of failed login attempts, and deprecated accounts in the subscription, should be alerted. **Azure Guidance:** Microsoft Entra ID provides the following logs that can be viewed in Microsoft Entra reporting or integrated with Azure Monitor, Azure Sentinel or other SIEM/monitoring tools for more sophisticated monitoring and analytics use cases: - Sign-ins: The sign-ins report provides information about the usage of managed applications and user sign-in activities. - Audit logs: Provides traceability through logs for all changes done by various features within Microsoft Entra ID. Examples of audit logs include changes made to any resources within Microsoft Entra ID like adding or removing users, apps, groups, roles and policies. - Risky sign-ins: A risky sign-in is an indicator for a sign-in attempt that might have been performed by someone who is not the legitimate owner of a user account. - Users flagged for risk: A risky user is an indicator for a user account that might have been compromised. Microsoft Entra ID also provides an Identity Protection module to detect, and remediate risks related to user accounts and sign-in behaviors. Examples risks include leaked credentials, sign-in from anonymous or malware linked IP addresses, password spray. The policies in the Microsoft Entra Identity Protection allow you to enforce risk-based MFA authentication in conjunction with Azure Conditional Access on user accounts. In addition, Microsoft Defender for Cloud can be configured to alert on deprecated accounts in the subscription and suspicious activities such as an excessive number of failed authentication attempts. In addition to the basic security hygiene monitoring, Microsoft Defender for Cloud's Threat Protection module can also collect more in-depth security alerts from individual Azure compute resources (such as virtual machines, containers, app service), data resources (such as SQL DB and storage), and Azure service layers. This capability allows you to see account anomalies inside the individual resources. Note: If you are connecting your on-premises Active Directory for synchronization, use the Microsoft Defender for Identity solution to consume your on-premises Active Directory signals to identify, detect, and investigate advanced threats, compromised identities, and malicious insider actions directed at your organization. **Implementation and additional context:** Audit activity reports in Microsoft Entra ID: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/reports-monitoring/concept-audit-logs Enable Azure Identity Protection: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/identity-protection/overview-identity-protection Threat protection in Microsoft Defender for Cloud: https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/security-center/threat-protection n/a link 19
CCCS AU-12 CCCS_AU-12 CCCS AU-12 Audit and Accountability Audit Generation n/a (A) The information system provides audit record generation capability for the auditable events defined in AU-2 a. of all information system and network components where audit capability is deployed/available. (B) The information system allows organization-defined personnel or roles to select which auditable events are to be audited by specific components of the information system. (C) The information system generates audit records for the events defined in AU-2 d. with the content defined in AU-3. link 7
CCCS AU-5 CCCS_AU-5 CCCS AU-5 Audit and Accountability Response to Audit Processing Failures n/a (A) The information system alerts organization-defined personnel or roles in the event of an audit processing failure; and (B) The information system overwrites the oldest audit records. link 4
CCCS RA-5 CCCS_RA-5 CCCS RA-5 Risk Assessment Vulnerability Scanning n/a (A) The organization scans for vulnerabilities in the information system and hosted applications monthly for operating systems/infrastructure, web applications, and database management systems and when new vulnerabilities potentially affecting the system/applications are identified and reported. (B) The organization employs vulnerability scanning tools and techniques that facilitate interoperability among tools and automate parts of the vulnerability management process by using standards for: (a) Enumerating platforms, software flaws, and improper configurations; (b) Formatting checklists and test procedures; and (c) Measuring vulnerability impact. (C) The organization analyzes vulnerability scan reports and results from security control assessments. (D) The organization remediates legitimate vulnerabilities within 30 days for high-risk vulnerabilities and 90 days for moderate-risk vulnerabilities from the date of discovery in accordance with an organizational assessment of risk. (E) The organization shares information obtained from the vulnerability scanning process and security control assessments with organization-defined personnel or roles to help eliminate similar vulnerabilities in other information systems (i.e., systemic weaknesses or deficiencies). link 6
CCCS SC-28 CCCS_SC-28 CCCS SC-28 System and Communications Protection Protection of Information at Rest n/a (A) The information system protects the confidentiality and integrity ofall information not cleared for public release and all data with a higher than low integrity requirement. link 4
CCCS SI-4 CCCS_SI-4 CCCS SI-4 System and Information Integrity Information System Monitoring n/a (A) The organization monitors the information system to detect: (a) Attacks and indicators of potential attacks in accordance with organization-defined monitoring objectives; and (b) Unauthorized local, network, and remote connections; (B) The organization identifies unauthorized use of the information system through organization-defined techniques and methods. (C) The organization deploys monitoring devices: (i) strategically within the information system to collect organization-determined essential information; and (ii) at ad hoc locations within the system to track specific types of transactions of interest to the organization. (D) The organization protects information obtained from intrusion-monitoring tools from unauthorized access, modification, and deletion. (E) The organization heightens the level of information system monitoring activity whenever there is an indication of increased risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, or Canada based on law enforcement information, intelligence information, or other credible sources of information. (F) The organization obtains legal opinion with regard to information system monitoring activities in accordance with orgnanizational policies, directives and standards. (G) The organization provides organization-defined information system monitoring information to organization-defined personnel or roles at an organization-defined frequency. link 5
CIS_Azure_1.1.0 4.4 CIS_Azure_1.1.0_4.4 CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark recommendation 4.4 4 Database Services Ensure that 'Advanced Data Security' on a SQL server is set to 'On' Shared The customer is responsible for implementing this recommendation. Enable "Advanced Data Security" on critical SQL Servers. link 3
CIS_Azure_1.3.0 4.2.1 CIS_Azure_1.3.0_4.2.1 CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark recommendation 4.2.1 4 Database Services Ensure that Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) on a SQL server is set to 'Enabled' Shared The customer is responsible for implementing this recommendation. Enable "Azure Defender for SQL" on critical SQL Servers. link 3
CIS_Azure_1.4.0 4.2.1 CIS_Azure_1.4.0_4.2.1 CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark recommendation 4.2.1 4 Database Services Ensure that Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) on a SQL Server is Set to 'Enabled' Shared The customer is responsible for implementing this recommendation. Enable "Azure Defender for SQL" on critical SQL Servers. link 3
CIS_Azure_2.0.0 4.2.1 CIS_Azure_2.0.0_4.2.1 CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark recommendation 4.2.1 4.2 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set to 'On' for critical SQL Servers Shared Microsoft Defender for SQL is a paid feature and will incur additional cost for each SQL server. Enable "Microsoft Defender for SQL" on critical SQL Servers. Microsoft Defender for SQL is a unified package for advanced SQL security capabilities. Microsoft Defender is available for Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance, and Azure Synapse Analytics. It includes functionality for discovering and classifying sensitive data, surfacing and mitigating potential database vulnerabilities, and detecting anomalous activities that could indicate a threat to your database. It provides a single go-to location for enabling and managing these capabilities. link 3
CMMC_2.0_L2 AU.L2-3.3.1 CMMC_2.0_L2_AU.L2-3.3.1 404 not found n/a n/a 38
CMMC_2.0_L2 AU.L2-3.3.2 CMMC_2.0_L2_AU.L2-3.3.2 404 not found n/a n/a 36
CMMC_2.0_L2 AU.L2-3.3.4 CMMC_2.0_L2_AU.L2-3.3.4 404 not found n/a n/a 10
CMMC_2.0_L2 AU.L2-3.3.5 CMMC_2.0_L2_AU.L2-3.3.5 404 not found n/a n/a 10
CMMC_2.0_L2 RA.L2-3.11.2 CMMC_2.0_L2_RA.L2-3.11.2 404 not found n/a n/a 20
CMMC_2.0_L2 RA.L2-3.11.3 CMMC_2.0_L2_RA.L2-3.11.3 404 not found n/a n/a 20
CMMC_2.0_L2 SI.L2-3.14.6 CMMC_2.0_L2_SI.L2-3.14.6 404 not found n/a n/a 28
CMMC_2.0_L2 SI.L2-3.14.7 CMMC_2.0_L2_SI.L2-3.14.7 404 not found n/a n/a 22
CMMC_L3 AU.2.041 CMMC_L3_AU.2.041 CMMC L3 AU.2.041 Audit and Accountability Ensure that the actions of individual system users can be uniquely traced to those users so they can be held accountable for their actions. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. This requirement ensures that the contents of the audit record include the information needed to link the audit event to the actions of an individual to the extent feasible. Organizations consider logging for traceability including results from monitoring of account usage, remote access, wireless connectivity, mobile device connection, communications at system boundaries, configuration settings, physical access, nonlocal maintenance, use of maintenance tools, temperature and humidity, equipment delivery and removal, system component inventory, use of mobile code, and use of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). link 15
CMMC_L3 AU.2.042 CMMC_L3_AU.2.042 CMMC L3 AU.2.042 Audit and Accountability Create and retain system audit logs and records to the extent needed to enable the monitoring, analysis, investigation, and reporting of unlawful or unauthorized system activity. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. An event is any observable occurrence in a system, which includes unlawful or unauthorized system activity. Organizations identify event types for which a logging functionality is needed as those events which are significant and relevant to the security of systems and the environments in which those systems operate to meet specific and ongoing auditing needs. Event types can include password changes, failed logons or failed accesses related to systems, administrative privilege usage, or third-party credential usage. In determining event types that require logging, organizations consider the monitoring and auditing appropriate for each of the CUI security requirements. Monitoring and auditing requirements can be balanced with other system needs. For example, organizations may determine that systems must have the capability to log every file access both successful and unsuccessful, but not activate that capability except for specific circumstances due to the potential burden on system performance. Audit records can be generated at various levels of abstraction, including at the packet level as information traverses the network. Selecting the appropriate level of abstraction is a critical aspect of an audit logging capability and can facilitate the identification of root causes to problems. Organizations consider in the definition of event types, the logging necessary to cover related events such as the steps in distributed, transaction-based processes (e.g., processes that are distributed across multiple organizations) and actions that occur in service-oriented or cloudbased architectures. Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy this requirement includes time stamps, source and destination addresses, user or process identifiers, event descriptions, success or fail indications, filenames involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked. Event outcomes can include indicators of event success or failure and event-specific results (e.g., the security state of the system after the event occurred). Detailed information that organizations may consider in audit records includes full text recording of privileged commands or the individual identities of group account users. Organizations consider limiting the additional audit log information to only that information explicitly needed for specific audit requirements. This facilitates the use of audit trails and audit logs by not including information that could potentially be misleading or could make it more difficult to locate information of interest. Audit logs are reviewed and analyzed as often as needed to provide important information to organizations to facilitate risk-based decision making. link 15
CMMC_L3 AU.3.046 CMMC_L3_AU.3.046 CMMC L3 AU.3.046 Audit and Accountability Alert in the event of an audit logging process failure. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. Audit logging process failures include software and hardware errors, failures in the audit record capturing mechanisms, and audit record storage capacity being reached or exceeded. This requirement applies to each audit record data storage repository (i.e., distinct system component where audit records are stored), the total audit record storage capacity of organizations (i.e., all audit record data storage repositories combined), or both. link 7
CMMC_L3 CM.2.064 CMMC_L3_CM.2.064 CMMC L3 CM.2.064 Configuration Management Establish and enforce security configuration settings for information technology products employed in organizational systems. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. Configuration settings are the set of parameters that can be changed in hardware, software, or firmware components of the system that affect the security posture or functionality of the system. Information technology products for which security-related configuration settings can be defined include mainframe computers, servers, workstations, input and output devices (e.g., scanners, copiers, and printers), network components (e.g., firewalls, routers, gateways, voice and data switches, wireless access points, network appliances, sensors), operating systems, middleware, and applications. Security parameters are those parameters impacting the security state of systems including the parameters required to satisfy other security requirements. Security parameters include: registry settings; account, file, directory permission settings; and settings for functions, ports, protocols, and remote connections. Organizations establish organization-wide configuration settings and subsequently derive specific configuration settings for systems. The established settings become part of the systems configuration baseline. Common secure configurations (also referred to as security configuration checklists, lockdown and hardening guides, security reference guides, security technical implementation guides) provide recognized, standardized, and established benchmarks that stipulate secure configuration settings for specific information technology platforms/products and instructions for configuring those system components to meet operational requirements. Common secure configurations can be developed by a variety of organizations including information technology product developers, manufacturers, vendors, consortia, academia, industry, federal agencies, and other organizations in the public and private sectors. link 10
CMMC_L3 RM.2.141 CMMC_L3_RM.2.141 CMMC L3 RM.2.141 Risk Assessment Periodically assess the risk to organizational operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), organizational assets, and individuals, resulting from the operation of organizational systems and the associated processing, storage, or transmission of CUI. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. Clearly defined system boundaries are a prerequisite for effective risk assessments. Such risk assessments consider threats, vulnerabilities, likelihood, and impact to organizational operations, organizational assets, and individuals based on the operation and use of organizational systems. Risk assessments also consider risk from external parties (e.g., service providers, contractors operating systems on behalf of the organization, individuals accessing organizational systems, outsourcing entities). Risk assessments, either formal or informal, can be conducted at the organization level, the mission or business process level, or the system level, and at any phase in the system development life cycle. link 13
CMMC_L3 RM.2.142 CMMC_L3_RM.2.142 CMMC L3 RM.2.142 Risk Assessment Scan for vulnerabilities in organizational systems and applications periodically and when new vulnerabilities affecting those systems and applications are identified. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. Organizations determine the required vulnerability scanning for all system components, ensuring that potential sources of vulnerabilities such as networked printers, scanners, and copiers are not overlooked. The vulnerabilities to be scanned are readily updated as new vulnerabilities are discovered, announced, and scanning methods developed. This process ensures that potential vulnerabilities in the system are identified and addressed as quickly as possible. Vulnerability analyses for custom software applications may require additional approaches such as static analysis, dynamic analysis, binary analysis, or a hybrid of the three approaches. Organizations can employ these analysis approaches in source code reviews and in a variety of tools (e.g., static analysis tools, web-based application scanners, binary analyzers) and in source code reviews. Vulnerability scanning includes: scanning for patch levels; scanning for functions, ports, protocols, and services that should not be accessible to users or devices; and scanning for improperly configured or incorrectly operating information flow control mechanisms. To facilitate interoperability, organizations consider using products that are Security Content Automated Protocol (SCAP)-validated, scanning tools that express vulnerabilities in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) naming convention, and that employ the Open Vulnerability Assessment Language (OVAL) to determine the presence of system vulnerabilities. Sources for vulnerability information include the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) listing and the National Vulnerability Database (NVD). Security assessments, such as red team exercises, provide additional sources of potential vulnerabilities for which to scan. Organizations also consider using scanning tools that express vulnerability impact by the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). In certain situations, the nature of the vulnerability scanning may be more intrusive or the system component that is the subject of the scanning may contain highly sensitive information. Privileged access authorization to selected system components facilitates thorough vulnerability scanning and protects the sensitive nature of such scanning. link 13
CMMC_L3 RM.2.143 CMMC_L3_RM.2.143 CMMC L3 RM.2.143 Risk Assessment Remediate vulnerabilities in accordance with risk assessments. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. Vulnerabilities discovered, for example, via the scanning conducted in response to RM.2.142, are remediated with consideration of the related assessment of risk. The consideration of risk influences the prioritization of remediation efforts and the level of effort to be expended in the remediation for specific vulnerabilities. link 19
CMMC_L3 SC.3.191 CMMC_L3_SC.3.191 CMMC L3 SC.3.191 System and Communications Protection Protect the confidentiality of CUI at rest. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. Information at rest refers to the state of information when it is not in process or in transit and is located on storage devices as specific components of systems. The focus of protection at rest is not on the type of storage device or the frequency of access but rather the state of the information. Organizations can use different mechanisms to achieve confidentiality protections, including the use of cryptographic mechanisms and file share scanning. Organizations may also use other controls including secure off-line storage in lieu of online storage when adequate protection of information at rest cannot otherwise be achieved or continuous monitoring to identify malicious code at rest. link 14
CMMC_L3 SI.2.216 CMMC_L3_SI.2.216 CMMC L3 SI.2.216 System and Information Integrity Monitor organizational systems, including inbound and outbound communications traffic, to detect attacks and indicators of potential attacks. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. System monitoring includes external and internal monitoring. External monitoring includes the observation of events occurring at the system boundary (i.e., part of perimeter defense and boundary protection). Internal monitoring includes the observation of events occurring within the system. Organizations can monitor systems, for example, by observing audit record activities in real time or by observing other system aspects such as access patterns, characteristics of access, and other actions. The monitoring objectives may guide determination of the events. System monitoring capability is achieved through a variety of tools and techniques (e.g., intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, malicious code protection software, scanning tools, audit record monitoring software, network monitoring software). Strategic locations for monitoring devices include selected perimeter locations and near server farms supporting critical applications, with such devices being employed at managed system interfaces. The granularity of monitoring information collected is based on organizational monitoring objectives and the capability of systems to support such objectives. System monitoring is an integral part of continuous monitoring and incident response programs. Output from system monitoring serves as input to continuous monitoring and incident response programs. A network connection is any connection with a device that communicates through a network (e.g., local area network, Internet). A remote connection is any connection with a device communicating through an external network (e.g., the Internet). Local, network, and remote connections can be either wired or wireless. Unusual or unauthorized activities or conditions related to inbound/outbound communications traffic include internal traffic that indicates the presence of malicious code in systems or propagating among system components, the unauthorized exporting of information, or signaling to external systems. Evidence of malicious code is used to identify potentially compromised systems or system components. System monitoring requirements, including the need for specific types of system monitoring, may be referenced in other requirements. link 23
CMMC_L3 SI.2.217 CMMC_L3_SI.2.217 CMMC L3 SI.2.217 System and Information Integrity Identify unauthorized use of organizational systems. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. System monitoring includes external and internal monitoring. System monitoring can detect unauthorized use of organizational systems. System monitoring is an integral part of continuous monitoring and incident response programs. Monitoring is achieved through a variety of tools and techniques (e.g., intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, malicious code protection software, scanning tools, audit record monitoring software, network monitoring software). Output from system monitoring serves as input to continuous monitoring and incident response programs. Unusual/unauthorized activities or conditions related to inbound and outbound communications traffic include internal traffic that indicates the presence of malicious code in systems or propagating among system components, the unauthorized exporting of information, or signaling to external systems. Evidence of malicious code is used to identify potentially compromised systems or system components. System monitoring requirements, including the need for specific types of system monitoring, may be referenced in other requirements. link 11
FedRAMP_High_R4 AU-12 FedRAMP_High_R4_AU-12 FedRAMP High AU-12 Audit And Accountability Audit Generation Shared n/a The information system: a. Provides audit record generation capability for the auditable events defined in AU-2 a. at [Assignment: organization-defined information system components]; b. Allows [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to select which auditable events are to be audited by specific components of the information system; and c. Generates audit records for the events defined in AU-2 d. with the content defined in AU-3. Supplemental Guidance: Audit records can be generated from many different information system components. The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. These events are typically a subset of all events for which the information system is capable of generating audit records. Related controls: AC-3, AU-2, AU-3, AU-6, AU-7. References: None. link 37
FedRAMP_High_R4 AU-12(1) FedRAMP_High_R4_AU-12(1) FedRAMP High AU-12 (1) Audit And Accountability System-Wide / Time-Correlated Audit Trail Shared n/a The information system compiles audit records from [Assignment: organization-defined information system components] into a system-wide (logical or physical) audit trail that is time- correlated to within [Assignment: organization-defined level of tolerance for relationship between time stamps of individual records in the audit trail]. Supplemental Guidance: Audit trails are time-correlated if the time stamps in the individual audit records can be reliably related to the time stamps in other audit records to achieve a time ordering of the records within organizational tolerances. Related controls: AU-8, AU-12. link 34
FedRAMP_High_R4 AU-6 FedRAMP_High_R4_AU-6 FedRAMP High AU-6 Audit And Accountability Audit Review, Analysis, And Reporting Shared n/a The organization: a. Reviews and analyzes information system audit records [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] for indications of [Assignment: organization-defined inappropriate or unusual activity]; and b. Reports findings to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]. Supplemental Guidance: Audit review, analysis, and reporting covers information security-related auditing performed by organizations including, for example, auditing that results from monitoring of account usage, remote access, wireless connectivity, mobile device connection, configuration settings, system component inventory, use of maintenance tools and nonlocal maintenance, physical access, temperature and humidity, equipment delivery and removal, communications at the information system boundaries, use of mobile code, and use of VoIP. Findings can be reported to organizational entities that include, for example, incident response team, help desk, information security group/department. If organizations are prohibited from reviewing and analyzing audit information or unable to conduct such activities (e.g., in certain national security applications or systems), the review/analysis may be carried out by other organizations granted such authority. Related controls: AC-2, AC-3, AC-6, AC-17, AT-3, AU-7, AU-16, CA-7, CM-5, CM-10, CM-11, IA-3, IA-5, IR-5, IR-6, MA-4, MP-4, PE-3, PE-6, PE-14, PE-16, RA-5, SC-7, SC-18, SC-19, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7. References: None. link 25
FedRAMP_High_R4 AU-6(4) FedRAMP_High_R4_AU-6(4) FedRAMP High AU-6 (4) Audit And Accountability Central Review And Analysis Shared n/a The information system provides the capability to centrally review and analyze audit records from multiple components within the system. Supplemental Guidance: Automated mechanisms for centralized reviews and analyses include, for example, Security Information Management products. Related controls: AU-2, AU-12. link 33
FedRAMP_High_R4 AU-6(5) FedRAMP_High_R4_AU-6(5) FedRAMP High AU-6 (5) Audit And Accountability Integration / Scanning And Monitoring Capabilities Shared n/a The organization integrates analysis of audit records with analysis of [Selection (one or more): vulnerability scanning information; performance data; information system monitoring information; [Assignment: organization-defined data/information collected from other sources]] to further enhance the ability to identify inappropriate or unusual activity. Supplemental Guidance: This control enhancement does not require vulnerability scanning, the generation of performance data, or information system monitoring. Rather, the enhancement requires that the analysis of information being otherwise produced in these areas is integrated with the analysis of audit information. Security Event and Information Management System tools can facilitate audit record aggregation/consolidation from multiple information system components as well as audit record correlation and analysis. The use of standardized audit record analysis scripts developed by organizations (with localized script adjustments, as necessary) provides more cost-effective approaches for analyzing audit record information collected. The correlation of audit record information with vulnerability scanning information is important in determining the veracity of vulnerability scans and correlating attack detection events with scanning results. Correlation with performance data can help uncover denial of service attacks or cyber attacks resulting in unauthorized use of resources. Correlation with system monitoring information can assist in uncovering attacks and in better relating audit information to operational situations. Related controls: AU-12, IR-4, RA-5. link 34
FedRAMP_High_R4 IR-4 FedRAMP_High_R4_IR-4 FedRAMP High IR-4 Incident Response Incident Handling Shared n/a The organization: a. Implements an incident handling capability for security incidents that includes preparation, detection and analysis, containment, eradication, and recovery; b. Coordinates incident handling activities with contingency planning activities; and c. Incorporates lessons learned from ongoing incident handling activities into incident response procedures, training, and testing/exercises, and implements the resulting changes accordingly. Supplemental Guidance: Organizations recognize that incident response capability is dependent on the capabilities of organizational information systems and the mission/business processes being supported by those systems. Therefore, organizations consider incident response as part of the definition, design, and development of mission/business processes and information systems. Incident-related information can be obtained from a variety of sources including, for example, audit monitoring, network monitoring, physical access monitoring, user/administrator reports, and reported supply chain events. Effective incident handling capability includes coordination among many organizational entities including, for example, mission/business owners, information system owners, authorizing officials, human resources offices, physical and personnel security offices, legal departments, operations personnel, procurement offices, and the risk executive (function). Related controls: AU-6, CM-6, CP-2, CP-4, IR-2, IR-3, IR-8, PE-6, SC-5, SC-7, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7. References: Executive Order 13587; NIST Special Publication 800-61. link 24
FedRAMP_High_R4 IR-5 FedRAMP_High_R4_IR-5 FedRAMP High IR-5 Incident Response Incident Monitoring Shared n/a The organization tracks and documents information system security incidents. Supplemental Guidance: Documenting information system security incidents includes, for example, maintaining records about each incident, the status of the incident, and other pertinent information necessary for forensics, evaluating incident details, trends, and handling. Incident information can be obtained from a variety of sources including, for example, incident reports, incident response teams, audit monitoring, network monitoring, physical access monitoring, and user/administrator reports. Related controls: AU-6, IR-8, PE-6, SC-5, SC-7, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7. References: NIST Special Publication 800-61. link 13
FedRAMP_High_R4 RA-5 FedRAMP_High_R4_RA-5 FedRAMP High RA-5 Risk Assessment Vulnerability Scanning Shared n/a The organization: a. Scans for vulnerabilities in the information system and hosted applications [Assignment: organization-defined frequency and/or randomly in accordance with organization-defined process] and when new vulnerabilities potentially affecting the system/applications are identified and reported; b. Employs vulnerability scanning tools and techniques that facilitate interoperability among tools and automate parts of the vulnerability management process by using standards for: 1. Enumerating platforms, software flaws, and improper configurations; 2. Formatting checklists and test procedures; and 3. Measuring vulnerability impact; c. Analyzes vulnerability scan reports and results from security control assessments; d. Remediates legitimate vulnerabilities [Assignment: organization-defined response times], in accordance with an organizational assessment of risk; and e. Shares information obtained from the vulnerability scanning process and security control assessments with [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to help eliminate similar vulnerabilities in other information systems (i.e., systemic weaknesses or deficiencies). Supplemental Guidance: Security categorization of information systems guides the frequency and comprehensiveness of vulnerability scans. Organizations determine the required vulnerability scanning for all information system components, ensuring that potential sources of vulnerabilities such as networked printers, scanners, and copiers are not overlooked. Vulnerability analyses for custom software applications may require additional approaches such as static analysis, dynamic analysis, binary analysis, or a hybrid of the three approaches. Organizations can employ these analysis approaches in a variety of tools (e.g., web-based application scanners, static analysis tools, binary analyzers) and in source code reviews. Vulnerability scanning includes, for example: (i) scanning for patch levels; (ii) scanning for functions, ports, protocols, and services that should not be accessible to users or devices; and (iii) scanning for improperly configured or incorrectly operating information flow control mechanisms. Organizations consider using tools that express vulnerabilities in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) naming convention and that use the Open Vulnerability Assessment Language (OVAL) to determine/test for the presence of vulnerabilities. Suggested sources for vulnerability information include the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) listing and the National Vulnerability Database (NVD). In addition, security control assessments such as red team exercises provide other sources of potential vulnerabilities for which to scan. Organizations also consider using tools that express vulnerability impact by the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). Related controls: CA-2, CA-7, CM-4, CM-6, RA-2, RA-3, SA-11, SI-2. References: NIST Special Publications 800-40, 800-70, 800-115; Web: http://cwe.mitre.org, http://nvd.nist.gov. link 22
FedRAMP_High_R4 SI-4 FedRAMP_High_R4_SI-4 FedRAMP High SI-4 System And Information Integrity Information System Monitoring Shared n/a The organization: a. Monitors the information system to detect: 1. Attacks and indicators of potential attacks in accordance with [Assignment: organization- defined monitoring objectives]; and 2. Unauthorized local, network, and remote connections; b. Identifies unauthorized use of the information system through [Assignment: organization- defined techniques and methods]; c. Deploys monitoring devices: (i) strategically within the information system to collect organization-determined essential information; and (ii) at ad hoc locations within the system to track specific types of transactions of interest to the organization; d. Protects information obtained from intrusion-monitoring tools from unauthorized access, modification, and deletion; e. Heightens the level of information system monitoring activity whenever there is an indication of increased risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, or the Nation based on law enforcement information, intelligence information, or other credible sources of information; f. Obtains legal opinion with regard to information system monitoring activities in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, or regulations; and g. Provides [Assignment: or ganization-defined information system monitoring information] to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] [Selection (one or more): as needed; [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]]. Supplemental Guidance: Information system monitoring includes external and internal monitoring. External monitoring includes the observation of events occurring at the information system boundary (i.e., part of perimeter defense and boundary protection). Internal monitoring includes the observation of events occurring within the information system. Organizations can monitor information systems, for example, by observing audit activities in real time or by observing other system aspects such as access patterns, characteristics of access, and other actions. The monitoring objectives may guide determination of the events. Information system monitoring capability is achieved through a variety of tools and techniques (e.g., intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, malicious code protection software, scanning tools, audit record monitoring software, network monitoring software). Strategic locations for monitoring devices include, for example, selected perimeter locations and near server farms supporting critical applications, with such devices typically being employed at the managed interfaces associated with controls SC-7 and AC-17. Einstein network monitoring devices from the Department of Homeland Security can also be included as monitoring devices. The granularity of monitoring information collected is based on organizational monitoring objectives and the capability of information systems to support such objectives. Specific types of transactions of interest include, for example, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) traffic that bypasses HTTP proxies. Information system monitoring is an integral part of organizational continuous monitoring and incident response programs. Output from system monitoring serves as input to continuous monitoring and incident response programs. A network connection is any connection with a device that communicates through a network (e.g., local area network, Internet). A remote connection is any connection with a device communicating through an external network (e.g., the Internet). Local, network, and remote connections can be either wired or wireless. Related controls: AC-3, AC-4, AC-8, AC-17, AU-2, AU-6, AU-7, AU-9, AU-12, CA-7, IR-4, PE-3, RA-5, SC-7, SC-26, SC-35, SI-3, SI-7. References: NIST Special Publications 800-61, 800-83, 800-92, 800-94, 800-137. link 25
FedRAMP_Moderate_R4 AU-12 FedRAMP_Moderate_R4_AU-12 FedRAMP Moderate AU-12 Audit And Accountability Audit Generation Shared n/a The information system: a. Provides audit record generation capability for the auditable events defined in AU-2 a. at [Assignment: organization-defined information system components]; b. Allows [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to select which auditable events are to be audited by specific components of the information system; and c. Generates audit records for the events defined in AU-2 d. with the content defined in AU-3. Supplemental Guidance: Audit records can be generated from many different information system components. The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. These events are typically a subset of all events for which the information system is capable of generating audit records. Related controls: AC-3, AU-2, AU-3, AU-6, AU-7. References: None. link 37
FedRAMP_Moderate_R4 AU-6 FedRAMP_Moderate_R4_AU-6 FedRAMP Moderate AU-6 Audit And Accountability Audit Review, Analysis, And Reporting Shared n/a The organization: a. Reviews and analyzes information system audit records [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] for indications of [Assignment: organization-defined inappropriate or unusual activity]; and b. Reports findings to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]. Supplemental Guidance: Audit review, analysis, and reporting covers information security-related auditing performed by organizations including, for example, auditing that results from monitoring of account usage, remote access, wireless connectivity, mobile device connection, configuration settings, system component inventory, use of maintenance tools and nonlocal maintenance, physical access, temperature and humidity, equipment delivery and removal, communications at the information system boundaries, use of mobile code, and use of VoIP. Findings can be reported to organizational entities that include, for example, incident response team, help desk, information security group/department. If organizations are prohibited from reviewing and analyzing audit information or unable to conduct such activities (e.g., in certain national security applications or systems), the review/analysis may be carried out by other organizations granted such authority. Related controls: AC-2, AC-3, AC-6, AC-17, AT-3, AU-7, AU-16, CA-7, CM-5, CM-10, CM-11, IA-3, IA-5, IR-5, IR-6, MA-4, MP-4, PE-3, PE-6, PE-14, PE-16, RA-5, SC-7, SC-18, SC-19, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7. References: None. link 25
FedRAMP_Moderate_R4 IR-4 FedRAMP_Moderate_R4_IR-4 FedRAMP Moderate IR-4 Incident Response Incident Handling Shared n/a The organization: a. Implements an incident handling capability for security incidents that includes preparation, detection and analysis, containment, eradication, and recovery; b. Coordinates incident handling activities with contingency planning activities; and c. Incorporates lessons learned from ongoing incident handling activities into incident response procedures, training, and testing/exercises, and implements the resulting changes accordingly. Supplemental Guidance: Organizations recognize that incident response capability is dependent on the capabilities of organizational information systems and the mission/business processes being supported by those systems. Therefore, organizations consider incident response as part of the definition, design, and development of mission/business processes and information systems. Incident-related information can be obtained from a variety of sources including, for example, audit monitoring, network monitoring, physical access monitoring, user/administrator reports, and reported supply chain events. Effective incident handling capability includes coordination among many organizational entities including, for example, mission/business owners, information system owners, authorizing officials, human resources offices, physical and personnel security offices, legal departments, operations personnel, procurement offices, and the risk executive (function). Related controls: AU-6, CM-6, CP-2, CP-4, IR-2, IR-3, IR-8, PE-6, SC-5, SC-7, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7. References: Executive Order 13587; NIST Special Publication 800-61. link 24
FedRAMP_Moderate_R4 IR-5 FedRAMP_Moderate_R4_IR-5 FedRAMP Moderate IR-5 Incident Response Incident Monitoring Shared n/a The organization tracks and documents information system security incidents. Supplemental Guidance: Documenting information system security incidents includes, for example, maintaining records about each incident, the status of the incident, and other pertinent information necessary for forensics, evaluating incident details, trends, and handling. Incident information can be obtained from a variety of sources including, for example, incident reports, incident response teams, audit monitoring, network monitoring, physical access monitoring, and user/administrator reports. Related controls: AU-6, IR-8, PE-6, SC-5, SC-7, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7. References: NIST Special Publication 800-61. link 13
FedRAMP_Moderate_R4 RA-5 FedRAMP_Moderate_R4_RA-5 FedRAMP Moderate RA-5 Risk Assessment Vulnerability Scanning Shared n/a The organization: a. Scans for vulnerabilities in the information system and hosted applications [Assignment: organization-defined frequency and/or randomly in accordance with organization-defined process] and when new vulnerabilities potentially affecting the system/applications are identified and reported; b. Employs vulnerability scanning tools and techniques that facilitate interoperability among tools and automate parts of the vulnerability management process by using standards for: 1. Enumerating platforms, software flaws, and improper configurations; 2. Formatting checklists and test procedures; and 3. Measuring vulnerability impact; c. Analyzes vulnerability scan reports and results from security control assessments; d. Remediates legitimate vulnerabilities [Assignment: organization-defined response times], in accordance with an organizational assessment of risk; and e. Shares information obtained from the vulnerability scanning process and security control assessments with [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to help eliminate similar vulnerabilities in other information systems (i.e., systemic weaknesses or deficiencies). Supplemental Guidance: Security categorization of information systems guides the frequency and comprehensiveness of vulnerability scans. Organizations determine the required vulnerability scanning for all information system components, ensuring that potential sources of vulnerabilities such as networked printers, scanners, and copiers are not overlooked. Vulnerability analyses for custom software applications may require additional approaches such as static analysis, dynamic analysis, binary analysis, or a hybrid of the three approaches. Organizations can employ these analysis approaches in a variety of tools (e.g., web-based application scanners, static analysis tools, binary analyzers) and in source code reviews. Vulnerability scanning includes, for example: (i) scanning for patch levels; (ii) scanning for functions, ports, protocols, and services that should not be accessible to users or devices; and (iii) scanning for improperly configured or incorrectly operating information flow control mechanisms. Organizations consider using tools that express vulnerabilities in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) naming convention and that use the Open Vulnerability Assessment Language (OVAL) to determine/test for the presence of vulnerabilities. Suggested sources for vulnerability information include the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) listing and the National Vulnerability Database (NVD). In addition, security control assessments such as red team exercises provide other sources of potential vulnerabilities for which to scan. Organizations also consider using tools that express vulnerability impact by the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). Related controls: CA-2, CA-7, CM-4, CM-6, RA-2, RA-3, SA-11, SI-2. References: NIST Special Publications 800-40, 800-70, 800-115; Web: http://cwe.mitre.org, http://nvd.nist.gov. link 22
FedRAMP_Moderate_R4 SI-4 FedRAMP_Moderate_R4_SI-4 FedRAMP Moderate SI-4 System And Information Integrity Information System Monitoring Shared n/a The organization: a. Monitors the information system to detect: 1. Attacks and indicators of potential attacks in accordance with [Assignment: organization- defined monitoring objectives]; and 2. Unauthorized local, network, and remote connections; b. Identifies unauthorized use of the information system through [Assignment: organization- defined techniques and methods]; c. Deploys monitoring devices: (i) strategically within the information system to collect organization-determined essential information; and (ii) at ad hoc locations within the system to track specific types of transactions of interest to the organization; d. Protects information obtained from intrusion-monitoring tools from unauthorized access, modification, and deletion; e. Heightens the level of information system monitoring activity whenever there is an indication of increased risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, or the Nation based on law enforcement information, intelligence information, or other credible sources of information; f. Obtains legal opinion with regard to information system monitoring activities in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, or regulations; and g. Provides [Assignment: or ganization-defined information system monitoring information] to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] [Selection (one or more): as needed; [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]]. Supplemental Guidance: Information system monitoring includes external and internal monitoring. External monitoring includes the observation of events occurring at the information system boundary (i.e., part of perimeter defense and boundary protection). Internal monitoring includes the observation of events occurring within the information system. Organizations can monitor information systems, for example, by observing audit activities in real time or by observing other system aspects such as access patterns, characteristics of access, and other actions. The monitoring objectives may guide determination of the events. Information system monitoring capability is achieved through a variety of tools and techniques (e.g., intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, malicious code protection software, scanning tools, audit record monitoring software, network monitoring software). Strategic locations for monitoring devices include, for example, selected perimeter locations and near server farms supporting critical applications, with such devices typically being employed at the managed interfaces associated with controls SC-7 and AC-17. Einstein network monitoring devices from the Department of Homeland Security can also be included as monitoring devices. The granularity of monitoring information collected is based on organizational monitoring objectives and the capability of information systems to support such objectives. Specific types of transactions of interest include, for example, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) traffic that bypasses HTTP proxies. Information system monitoring is an integral part of organizational continuous monitoring and incident response programs. Output from system monitoring serves as input to continuous monitoring and incident response programs. A network connection is any connection with a device that communicates through a network (e.g., local area network, Internet). A remote connection is any connection with a device communicating through an external network (e.g., the Internet). Local, network, and remote connections can be either wired or wireless. Related controls: AC-3, AC-4, AC-8, AC-17, AU-2, AU-6, AU-7, AU-9, AU-12, CA-7, IR-4, PE-3, RA-5, SC-7, SC-26, SC-35, SI-3, SI-7. References: NIST Special Publications 800-61, 800-83, 800-92, 800-94, 800-137. link 25
IRS_1075_9.3 .14.3 IRS_1075_9.3.14.3 IRS 1075 9.3.14.3 Risk Assessment Vulnerability Scanning (RA-5) n/a The agency must: a. Scan for vulnerabilities in the information system and hosted applications at a minimum of monthly for all systems and when new vulnerabilities potentially affecting the system/applications are identified and reported b. Employ vulnerability scanning tools and techniques that facilitate interoperability among tools and automate parts of the vulnerability management process by using standards for: 1. Enumerating platforms, software flaws, and improper configurations 2. Formatting checklists and test procedures 3. Measuring vulnerability impact c. Analyze vulnerability scan reports and results from security control assessments d. Remediate legitimate vulnerabilities in accordance with an assessment of risk e. Share information obtained from the vulnerability scanning process and security control assessments with designated agency officials to help eliminate similar vulnerabilities in other information systems (i.e., systemic weaknesses or deficiencies) f. Employ vulnerability scanning tools that include the capability to readily update the information system vulnerabilities to be scanned (CE1) link 6
IRS_1075_9.3 .16.15 IRS_1075_9.3.16.15 IRS 1075 9.3.16.15 System and Communications Protection Protection of Information at Rest (SC-28) n/a The information system must protect the confidentiality and integrity of FTI at rest. Information at rest refers to the state of information when it is located on storage devices as specific components of information systems. Agencies may employ different mechanisms to achieve confidentiality and integrity protections, including the use of cryptographic mechanisms, file share scanning, and integrity protection. Agencies may also employ other security controls, including, for example, secure offline storage in lieu of online storage, when adequate protection of information at rest cannot otherwise be achieved or when continuously monitoring to identify malicious code at rest. The confidentiality and integrity of information at rest shall be protected when located on a secondary (non-mobile) storage device (e.g., disk drive, tape drive) with cryptography mechanisms FTI stored on deployed user workstations, in non-volatile storage, shall be encrypted with FIPS-validated or National Security Agency (NSA)-approved encryption during storage (regardless of location) except when no approved encryption technology solution is available that addresses the specific technology. Mobile devices do require encryption at rest (see Section 9.3.1.14, Access Control for Mobile Devices (AC-19), and Section 9.4.8, Mobile Devices). link 4
IRS_1075_9.3 .17.4 IRS_1075_9.3.17.4 IRS 1075 9.3.17.4 System and Information Integrity Information System Monitoring (SI-4) n/a The agency must: a. Monitor the information system to detect: 1. Attacks and indicators of potential attacks 2. Unauthorized local, network, and remote connections b. Identify unauthorized use of the information system c. Deploy monitoring devices: (i) strategically within the information system to collect agency-determined essential information; and (ii) at ad hoc locations within the system to track specific types of transactions of interest to the agency d. Protect information obtained from intrusion-monitoring tools from unauthorized access, modification, and deletion e. Heighten the level of information system monitoring activity whenever there is an indication of increased risk to agency operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, or the nation, based on law enforcement information, intelligence information, or other credible sources of information f. Provide information system monitoring information to designated agency officials as needed g. Analyze outbound communications traffic at the external boundary of the information system and selected interior points within the network (e.g., subnetworks, subsystems) to discover anomalies--anomalies within agency information systems include, for example, large file transfers, long-time persistent connections, unusual protocols and ports in use, and attempted communications with suspected malicious external addresses h. Employ automated mechanisms to alert security personnel of inappropriate or unusual activities with security implications (CE11) i. Implement host-based monitoring mechanisms (e.g., Host intrusion prevention system (HIPS)) on information systems that receive, process, store, or transmit FTI (CE23) The information system must: a. Monitor inbound and outbound communications traffic continuously for unusual or unauthorized activities or conditions (CE4) b. Alert designated agency officials when indications of compromise or potential compromise occur--alerts may be generated from a variety of sources, including, for example, audit records or inputs from malicious code protection mechanisms; intrusion detection or prevention mechanisms; or boundary protection devices, such as firewalls, gateways, and routers and alerts can be transmitted, for example, telephonically, by electronic mail messages, or by text messaging; agency personnel on the notification list can include, for example, system administrators, mission/business owners, system owners, or information system security officers (CE5) c. Notify designated agency officials of detected suspicious events and take necessary actions to address suspicious events (CE7) Information system monitoring includes external and internal monitoring. External monitoring includes the observation of events occurring at the information system boundary (i.e., part of perimeter defense and boundary protection). Internal monitoring includes the observation of events occurring within the information system. Information system monitoring capability is achieved through a variety of tools and techniques (e.g., intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, malicious code protection software, scanning tools, audit record monitoring software, network monitoring software). Strategic locations for monitoring devices include, for example, selected perimeter locations and nearby server farms supporting critical applications, with such devices typically being employed at the managed interfaces. link 5
IRS_1075_9.3 .3.11 IRS_1075_9.3.3.11 IRS 1075 9.3.3.11 Awareness and Training Audit Generation (AU-12) n/a The information system must: a. Provide audit record generation capability for the auditable events defined in Section 9.3.3.2, Audit Events (AU-2) b. Allow designated agency officials to select which auditable events are to be audited by specific components of the information system c. Generate audit records for the events with the content defined in Section 9.3.3.4, Content of Audit Records (AU-3). link 7
IRS_1075_9.3 .3.5 IRS_1075_9.3.3.5 IRS 1075 9.3.3.5 Awareness and Training Response to Audit Processing Failures (AU-5) n/a The information system must: a. Alert designated agency officials in the event of an audit processing failure b. Monitor system operational status using operating system or system audit logs and verify functions and performance of the system. Logs shall be able to identify where system process failures have taken place and provide information relative to corrective actions to be taken by the system administrator c. Provide a warning when allocated audit record storage volume reaches a maximum audit record storage capacity (CE1) link 4
NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3 .11.2 NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3.11.2 NIST SP 800-171 R2 3.11.2 Risk Assessment Scan for vulnerabilities in organizational systems and applications periodically and when new vulnerabilities affecting those systems and applications are identified. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. Organizations determine the required vulnerability scanning for all system components, ensuring that potential sources of vulnerabilities such as networked printers, scanners, and copiers are not overlooked. The vulnerabilities to be scanned are readily updated as new vulnerabilities are discovered, announced, and scanning methods developed. This process ensures that potential vulnerabilities in the system are identified and addressed as quickly as possible. Vulnerability analyses for custom software applications may require additional approaches such as static analysis, dynamic analysis, binary analysis, or a hybrid of the three approaches. Organizations can employ these analysis approaches in source code reviews and in a variety of tools (e.g., static analysis tools, web-based application scanners, binary analyzers) and in source code reviews. Vulnerability scanning includes: scanning for patch levels; scanning for functions, ports, protocols, and services that should not be accessible to users or devices; and scanning for improperly configured or incorrectly operating information flow control mechanisms. To facilitate interoperability, organizations consider using products that are Security Content Automated Protocol (SCAP)-validated, scanning tools that express vulnerabilities in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) naming convention, and that employ the Open Vulnerability Assessment Language (OVAL) to determine the presence of system vulnerabilities. Sources for vulnerability information include the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) listing and the National Vulnerability Database (NVD). Security assessments, such as red team exercises, provide additional sources of potential vulnerabilities for which to scan. Organizations also consider using scanning tools that express vulnerability impact by the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). In certain situations, the nature of the vulnerability scanning may be more intrusive or the system component that is the subject of the scanning may contain highly sensitive information. Privileged access authorization to selected system components facilitates thorough vulnerability scanning and protects the sensitive nature of such scanning. [SP 800-40] provides guidance on vulnerability management. link 23
NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3 .11.3 NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3.11.3 NIST SP 800-171 R2 3.11.3 Risk Assessment Remediate vulnerabilities in accordance with risk assessments. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. Vulnerabilities discovered, for example, via the scanning conducted in response to 3.11.2, are remediated with consideration of the related assessment of risk. The consideration of risk influences the prioritization of remediation efforts and the level of effort to be expended in the remediation for specific vulnerabilities. link 22
NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3 .14.6 NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3.14.6 NIST SP 800-171 R2 3.14.6 System and Information Integrity Monitor organizational systems, including inbound and outbound communications traffic, to detect attacks and indicators of potential attacks. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. System monitoring includes external and internal monitoring. External monitoring includes the observation of events occurring at the system boundary (i.e., part of perimeter defense and boundary protection). Internal monitoring includes the observation of events occurring within the system. Organizations can monitor systems, for example, by observing audit record activities in real time or by observing other system aspects such as access patterns, characteristics of access, and other actions. The monitoring objectives may guide determination of the events. System monitoring capability is achieved through a variety of tools and techniques (e.g., intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, malicious code protection software, scanning tools, audit record monitoring software, network monitoring software). Strategic locations for monitoring devices include selected perimeter locations and near server farms supporting critical applications, with such devices being employed at managed system interfaces. The granularity of monitoring information collected is based on organizational monitoring objectives and the capability of systems to support such objectives. System monitoring is an integral part of continuous monitoring and incident response programs. Output from system monitoring serves as input to continuous monitoring and incident response programs. A network connection is any connection with a device that communicates through a network (e.g., local area network, Internet). A remote connection is any connection with a device communicating through an external network (e.g., the Internet). Local, network, and remote connections can be either wired or wireless. Unusual or unauthorized activities or conditions related to inbound/outbound communications traffic include internal traffic that indicates the presence of malicious code in systems or propagating among system components, the unauthorized exporting of information, or signaling to external systems. Evidence of malicious code is used to identify potentially compromised systems or system components. System monitoring requirements, including the need for specific types of system monitoring, may be referenced in other requirements. [SP 800-94] provides guidance on intrusion detection and prevention systems. link 30
NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3 .14.7 NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3.14.7 NIST SP 800-171 R2 3.14.7 System and Information Integrity Identify unauthorized use of organizational systems. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. System monitoring includes external and internal monitoring. System monitoring can detect unauthorized use of organizational systems. System monitoring is an integral part of continuous monitoring and incident response programs. Monitoring is achieved through a variety of tools and techniques (e.g., intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, malicious code protection software, scanning tools, audit record monitoring software, network monitoring software). Output from system monitoring serves as input to continuous monitoring and incident response programs. Unusual/unauthorized activities or conditions related to inbound and outbound communications traffic include internal traffic that indicates the presence of malicious code in systems or propagating among system components, the unauthorized exporting of information, or signaling to external systems. Evidence of malicious code is used to identify potentially compromised systems or system components. System monitoring requirements, including the need for specific types of system monitoring, may be referenced in other requirements. [SP 800-94] provides guidance on intrusion detection and prevention systems. link 23
NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3 .3.1 NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3.3.1 NIST SP 800-171 R2 3.3.1 Audit and Accountability Create and retain system audit logs and records to the extent needed to enable the monitoring, analysis, investigation, and reporting of unlawful or unauthorized system activity Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. An event is any observable occurrence in a system, which includes unlawful or unauthorized system activity. Organizations identify event types for which a logging functionality is needed as those events which are significant and relevant to the security of systems and the environments in which those systems operate to meet specific and ongoing auditing needs. Event types can include password changes, failed logons or failed accesses related to systems, administrative privilege usage, or third-party credential usage. In determining event types that require logging, organizations consider the monitoring and auditing appropriate for each of the CUI security requirements. Monitoring and auditing requirements can be balanced with other system needs. For example, organizations may determine that systems must have the capability to log every file access both successful and unsuccessful, but not activate that capability except for specific circumstances due to the potential burden on system performance. Audit records can be generated at various levels of abstraction, including at the packet level as information traverses the network. Selecting the appropriate level of abstraction is a critical aspect of an audit logging capability and can facilitate the identification of root causes to problems. Organizations consider in the definition of event types, the logging necessary to cover related events such as the steps in distributed, transaction-based processes (e.g., processes that are distributed across multiple organizations) and actions that occur in service-oriented or cloud-based architectures. Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy this requirement includes time stamps, source and destination addresses, user or process identifiers, event descriptions, success or fail indications, filenames involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked. Event outcomes can include indicators of event success or failure and event-specific results (e.g., the security state of the system after the event occurred). Detailed information that organizations may consider in audit records includes full text recording of privileged commands or the individual identities of group account users. Organizations consider limiting the additional audit log information to only that information explicitly needed for specific audit requirements. This facilitates the use of audit trails and audit logs by not including information that could potentially be misleading or could make it more difficult to locate information of interest. Audit logs are reviewed and analyzed as often as needed to provide important information to organizations to facilitate risk-based decision making. [SP 800-92] provides guidance on security log management. link 53
NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3 .3.2 NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3.3.2 NIST SP 800-171 R2 3.3.2 Audit and Accountability Ensure that the actions of individual system users can be uniquely traced to those users, so they can be held accountable for their actions. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. This requirement ensures that the contents of the audit record include the information needed to link the audit event to the actions of an individual to the extent feasible. Organizations consider logging for traceability including results from monitoring of account usage, remote access, wireless connectivity, mobile device connection, communications at system boundaries, configuration settings, physical access, nonlocal maintenance, use of maintenance tools, temperature and humidity, equipment delivery and removal, system component inventory, use of mobile code, and use of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). link 39
NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3 .3.4 NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3.3.4 NIST SP 800-171 R2 3.3.4 Audit and Accountability Alert in the event of an audit logging process failure. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. Audit logging process failures include software and hardware errors, failures in the audit record capturing mechanisms, and audit record storage capacity being reached or exceeded. This requirement applies to each audit record data storage repository (i.e., distinct system component where audit records are stored), the total audit record storage capacity of organizations (i.e., all audit record data storage repositories combined), or both. link 12
NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3 .3.5 NIST_SP_800-171_R2_3.3.5 NIST SP 800-171 R2 3.3.5 Audit and Accountability Correlate audit record review, analysis, and reporting processes for investigation and response to indications of unlawful, unauthorized, suspicious, or unusual activity. Shared Microsoft and the customer share responsibilities for implementing this requirement. Correlating audit record review, analysis, and reporting processes helps to ensure that they do not operate independently, but rather collectively. Regarding the assessment of a given organizational system, the requirement is agnostic as to whether this correlation is applied at the system level or at the organization level across all systems. link 13
NIST_SP_800-53_R4 AC-16 NIST_SP_800-53_R4_AC-16 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 AC-16 Access Control Security Attributes Customer n/a The organization: a. Provides the means to associate [Assignment: organization-defined types of security attributes] having [Assignment: organization-defined security attribute values] with information in storage, in process, and/or in transmission; b. Ensures that the security attribute associations are made and retained with the information; c. Establishes the permitted [Assignment: organization-defined security attributes] for [Assignment: organization-defined information systems]; and d. Determines the permitted [Assignment: organization-defined values or ranges] for each of the established security attributes. link 2
NIST_SP_800-53_R4 AU-12 NIST_SP_800-53_R4_AU-12 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 AU-12 Audit And Accountability Audit Generation Shared n/a The information system: a. Provides audit record generation capability for the auditable events defined in AU-2 a. at [Assignment: organization-defined information system components]; b. Allows [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to select which auditable events are to be audited by specific components of the information system; and c. Generates audit records for the events defined in AU-2 d. with the content defined in AU-3. Supplemental Guidance: Audit records can be generated from many different information system components. The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. These events are typically a subset of all events for which the information system is capable of generating audit records. Related controls: AC-3, AU-2, AU-3, AU-6, AU-7. References: None. link 37
NIST_SP_800-53_R4 AU-12(1) NIST_SP_800-53_R4_AU-12(1) NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 AU-12 (1) Audit And Accountability System-Wide / Time-Correlated Audit Trail Shared n/a The information system compiles audit records from [Assignment: organization-defined information system components] into a system-wide (logical or physical) audit trail that is time- correlated to within [Assignment: organization-defined level of tolerance for relationship between time stamps of individual records in the audit trail]. Supplemental Guidance: Audit trails are time-correlated if the time stamps in the individual audit records can be reliably related to the time stamps in other audit records to achieve a time ordering of the records within organizational tolerances. Related controls: AU-8, AU-12. link 34
NIST_SP_800-53_R4 AU-6 NIST_SP_800-53_R4_AU-6 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 AU-6 Audit And Accountability Audit Review, Analysis, And Reporting Shared n/a The organization: a. Reviews and analyzes information system audit records [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] for indications of [Assignment: organization-defined inappropriate or unusual activity]; and b. Reports findings to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]. Supplemental Guidance: Audit review, analysis, and reporting covers information security-related auditing performed by organizations including, for example, auditing that results from monitoring of account usage, remote access, wireless connectivity, mobile device connection, configuration settings, system component inventory, use of maintenance tools and nonlocal maintenance, physical access, temperature and humidity, equipment delivery and removal, communications at the information system boundaries, use of mobile code, and use of VoIP. Findings can be reported to organizational entities that include, for example, incident response team, help desk, information security group/department. If organizations are prohibited from reviewing and analyzing audit information or unable to conduct such activities (e.g., in certain national security applications or systems), the review/analysis may be carried out by other organizations granted such authority. Related controls: AC-2, AC-3, AC-6, AC-17, AT-3, AU-7, AU-16, CA-7, CM-5, CM-10, CM-11, IA-3, IA-5, IR-5, IR-6, MA-4, MP-4, PE-3, PE-6, PE-14, PE-16, RA-5, SC-7, SC-18, SC-19, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7. References: None. link 25
NIST_SP_800-53_R4 AU-6(4) NIST_SP_800-53_R4_AU-6(4) NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 AU-6 (4) Audit And Accountability Central Review And Analysis Shared n/a The information system provides the capability to centrally review and analyze audit records from multiple components within the system. Supplemental Guidance: Automated mechanisms for centralized reviews and analyses include, for example, Security Information Management products. Related controls: AU-2, AU-12. link 33
NIST_SP_800-53_R4 AU-6(5) NIST_SP_800-53_R4_AU-6(5) NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 AU-6 (5) Audit And Accountability Integration / Scanning And Monitoring Capabilities Shared n/a The organization integrates analysis of audit records with analysis of [Selection (one or more): vulnerability scanning information; performance data; information system monitoring information; [Assignment: organization-defined data/information collected from other sources]] to further enhance the ability to identify inappropriate or unusual activity. Supplemental Guidance: This control enhancement does not require vulnerability scanning, the generation of performance data, or information system monitoring. Rather, the enhancement requires that the analysis of information being otherwise produced in these areas is integrated with the analysis of audit information. Security Event and Information Management System tools can facilitate audit record aggregation/consolidation from multiple information system components as well as audit record correlation and analysis. The use of standardized audit record analysis scripts developed by organizations (with localized script adjustments, as necessary) provides more cost-effective approaches for analyzing audit record information collected. The correlation of audit record information with vulnerability scanning information is important in determining the veracity of vulnerability scans and correlating attack detection events with scanning results. Correlation with performance data can help uncover denial of service attacks or cyber attacks resulting in unauthorized use of resources. Correlation with system monitoring information can assist in uncovering attacks and in better relating audit information to operational situations. Related controls: AU-12, IR-4, RA-5. link 34
NIST_SP_800-53_R4 IR-4 NIST_SP_800-53_R4_IR-4 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 IR-4 Incident Response Incident Handling Shared n/a The organization: a. Implements an incident handling capability for security incidents that includes preparation, detection and analysis, containment, eradication, and recovery; b. Coordinates incident handling activities with contingency planning activities; and c. Incorporates lessons learned from ongoing incident handling activities into incident response procedures, training, and testing/exercises, and implements the resulting changes accordingly. Supplemental Guidance: Organizations recognize that incident response capability is dependent on the capabilities of organizational information systems and the mission/business processes being supported by those systems. Therefore, organizations consider incident response as part of the definition, design, and development of mission/business processes and information systems. Incident-related information can be obtained from a variety of sources including, for example, audit monitoring, network monitoring, physical access monitoring, user/administrator reports, and reported supply chain events. Effective incident handling capability includes coordination among many organizational entities including, for example, mission/business owners, information system owners, authorizing officials, human resources offices, physical and personnel security offices, legal departments, operations personnel, procurement offices, and the risk executive (function). Related controls: AU-6, CM-6, CP-2, CP-4, IR-2, IR-3, IR-8, PE-6, SC-5, SC-7, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7. References: Executive Order 13587; NIST Special Publication 800-61. link 24
NIST_SP_800-53_R4 IR-5 NIST_SP_800-53_R4_IR-5 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 IR-5 Incident Response Incident Monitoring Shared n/a The organization tracks and documents information system security incidents. Supplemental Guidance: Documenting information system security incidents includes, for example, maintaining records about each incident, the status of the incident, and other pertinent information necessary for forensics, evaluating incident details, trends, and handling. Incident information can be obtained from a variety of sources including, for example, incident reports, incident response teams, audit monitoring, network monitoring, physical access monitoring, and user/administrator reports. Related controls: AU-6, IR-8, PE-6, SC-5, SC-7, SI-3, SI-4, SI-7. References: NIST Special Publication 800-61. link 13
NIST_SP_800-53_R4 RA-5 NIST_SP_800-53_R4_RA-5 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 RA-5 Risk Assessment Vulnerability Scanning Shared n/a The organization: a. Scans for vulnerabilities in the information system and hosted applications [Assignment: organization-defined frequency and/or randomly in accordance with organization-defined process] and when new vulnerabilities potentially affecting the system/applications are identified and reported; b. Employs vulnerability scanning tools and techniques that facilitate interoperability among tools and automate parts of the vulnerability management process by using standards for: 1. Enumerating platforms, software flaws, and improper configurations; 2. Formatting checklists and test procedures; and 3. Measuring vulnerability impact; c. Analyzes vulnerability scan reports and results from security control assessments; d. Remediates legitimate vulnerabilities [Assignment: organization-defined response times], in accordance with an organizational assessment of risk; and e. Shares information obtained from the vulnerability scanning process and security control assessments with [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to help eliminate similar vulnerabilities in other information systems (i.e., systemic weaknesses or deficiencies). Supplemental Guidance: Security categorization of information systems guides the frequency and comprehensiveness of vulnerability scans. Organizations determine the required vulnerability scanning for all information system components, ensuring that potential sources of vulnerabilities such as networked printers, scanners, and copiers are not overlooked. Vulnerability analyses for custom software applications may require additional approaches such as static analysis, dynamic analysis, binary analysis, or a hybrid of the three approaches. Organizations can employ these analysis approaches in a variety of tools (e.g., web-based application scanners, static analysis tools, binary analyzers) and in source code reviews. Vulnerability scanning includes, for example: (i) scanning for patch levels; (ii) scanning for functions, ports, protocols, and services that should not be accessible to users or devices; and (iii) scanning for improperly configured or incorrectly operating information flow control mechanisms. Organizations consider using tools that express vulnerabilities in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) naming convention and that use the Open Vulnerability Assessment Language (OVAL) to determine/test for the presence of vulnerabilities. Suggested sources for vulnerability information include the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) listing and the National Vulnerability Database (NVD). In addition, security control assessments such as red team exercises provide other sources of potential vulnerabilities for which to scan. Organizations also consider using tools that express vulnerability impact by the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). Related controls: CA-2, CA-7, CM-4, CM-6, RA-2, RA-3, SA-11, SI-2. References: NIST Special Publications 800-40, 800-70, 800-115; Web: http://cwe.mitre.org, http://nvd.nist.gov. link 22
NIST_SP_800-53_R4 SI-4 NIST_SP_800-53_R4_SI-4 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 SI-4 System And Information Integrity Information System Monitoring Shared n/a The organization: a. Monitors the information system to detect: 1. Attacks and indicators of potential attacks in accordance with [Assignment: organization- defined monitoring objectives]; and 2. Unauthorized local, network, and remote connections; b. Identifies unauthorized use of the information system through [Assignment: organization- defined techniques and methods]; c. Deploys monitoring devices: (i) strategically within the information system to collect organization-determined essential information; and (ii) at ad hoc locations within the system to track specific types of transactions of interest to the organization; d. Protects information obtained from intrusion-monitoring tools from unauthorized access, modification, and deletion; e. Heightens the level of information system monitoring activity whenever there is an indication of increased risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, or the Nation based on law enforcement information, intelligence information, or other credible sources of information; f. Obtains legal opinion with regard to information system monitoring activities in accordance with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, or regulations; and g. Provides [Assignment: or ganization-defined information system monitoring information] to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] [Selection (one or more): as needed; [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]]. Supplemental Guidance: Information system monitoring includes external and internal monitoring. External monitoring includes the observation of events occurring at the information system boundary (i.e., part of perimeter defense and boundary protection). Internal monitoring includes the observation of events occurring within the information system. Organizations can monitor information systems, for example, by observing audit activities in real time or by observing other system aspects such as access patterns, characteristics of access, and other actions. The monitoring objectives may guide determination of the events. Information system monitoring capability is achieved through a variety of tools and techniques (e.g., intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, malicious code protection software, scanning tools, audit record monitoring software, network monitoring software). Strategic locations for monitoring devices include, for example, selected perimeter locations and near server farms supporting critical applications, with such devices typically being employed at the managed interfaces associated with controls SC-7 and AC-17. Einstein network monitoring devices from the Department of Homeland Security can also be included as monitoring devices. The granularity of monitoring information collected is based on organizational monitoring objectives and the capability of information systems to support such objectives. Specific types of transactions of interest include, for example, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) traffic that bypasses HTTP proxies. Information system monitoring is an integral part of organizational continuous monitoring and incident response programs. Output from system monitoring serves as input to continuous monitoring and incident response programs. A network connection is any connection with a device that communicates through a network (e.g., local area network, Internet). A remote connection is any connection with a device communicating through an external network (e.g., the Internet). Local, network, and remote connections can be either wired or wireless. Related controls: AC-3, AC-4, AC-8, AC-17, AU-2, AU-6, AU-7, AU-9, AU-12, CA-7, IR-4, PE-3, RA-5, SC-7, SC-26, SC-35, SI-3, SI-7. References: NIST Special Publications 800-61, 800-83, 800-92, 800-94, 800-137. link 25
NIST_SP_800-53_R5 AC-16 NIST_SP_800-53_R5_AC-16 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 AC-16 Access Control Security and Privacy Attributes Customer n/a a. Provide the means to associate [Assignment: organization-defined types of security and privacy attributes] with [Assignment: organization-defined security and privacy attribute values] for information in storage, in process, and/or in transmission; b. Ensure that the attribute associations are made and retained with the information; c. Establish the following permitted security and privacy attributes from the attributes defined in [AC-16a](#ac-16_smt.a) for [Assignment: organization-defined systems]: [Assignment: organization-defined security and privacy attributes]; d. Determine the following permitted attribute values or ranges for each of the established attributes: [Assignment: organization-defined attribute values or ranges for established attributes]; e. Audit changes to attributes; and f. Review [Assignment: organization-defined security and privacy attributes] for applicability [Assignment: organization-defined frequency]. link 2
NIST_SP_800-53_R5 AU-12 NIST_SP_800-53_R5_AU-12 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 AU-12 Audit and Accountability Audit Record Generation Shared n/a a. Provide audit record generation capability for the event types the system is capable of auditing as defined in [AU-2a](#au-2_smt.a) on [Assignment: organization-defined system components]; b. Allow [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to select the event types that are to be logged by specific components of the system; and c. Generate audit records for the event types defined in [AU-2c](#au-2_smt.c) that include the audit record content defined in [AU-3](#au-3). link 37
NIST_SP_800-53_R5 AU-12(1) NIST_SP_800-53_R5_AU-12(1) NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 AU-12 (1) Audit and Accountability System-wide and Time-correlated Audit Trail Shared n/a Compile audit records from [Assignment: organization-defined system components] into a system-wide (logical or physical) audit trail that is time-correlated to within [Assignment: organization-defined level of tolerance for the relationship between time stamps of individual records in the audit trail]. link 34
NIST_SP_800-53_R5 AU-6 NIST_SP_800-53_R5_AU-6 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 AU-6 Audit and Accountability Audit Record Review, Analysis, and Reporting Shared n/a a. Review and analyze system audit records [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] for indications of [Assignment: organization-defined inappropriate or unusual activity] and the potential impact of the inappropriate or unusual activity; b. Report findings to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles]; and c. Adjust the level of audit record review, analysis, and reporting within the system when there is a change in risk based on law enforcement information, intelligence information, or other credible sources of information. link 25
NIST_SP_800-53_R5 AU-6(4) NIST_SP_800-53_R5_AU-6(4) NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 AU-6 (4) Audit and Accountability Central Review and Analysis Shared n/a Provide and implement the capability to centrally review and analyze audit records from multiple components within the system. link 33
NIST_SP_800-53_R5 AU-6(5) NIST_SP_800-53_R5_AU-6(5) NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 AU-6 (5) Audit and Accountability Integrated Analysis of Audit Records Shared n/a Integrate analysis of audit records with analysis of [Selection (OneOrMore): vulnerability scanning information;performance data;system monitoring information; [Assignment: organization-defined data/information collected from other sources] ] to further enhance the ability to identify inappropriate or unusual activity. link 34
NIST_SP_800-53_R5 IR-4 NIST_SP_800-53_R5_IR-4 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 IR-4 Incident Response Incident Handling Shared n/a a. Implement an incident handling capability for incidents that is consistent with the incident response plan and includes preparation, detection and analysis, containment, eradication, and recovery; b. Coordinate incident handling activities with contingency planning activities; c. Incorporate lessons learned from ongoing incident handling activities into incident response procedures, training, and testing, and implement the resulting changes accordingly; and d. Ensure the rigor, intensity, scope, and results of incident handling activities are comparable and predictable across the organization. link 24
NIST_SP_800-53_R5 IR-5 NIST_SP_800-53_R5_IR-5 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 IR-5 Incident Response Incident Monitoring Shared n/a Track and document incidents. link 13
NIST_SP_800-53_R5 RA-5 NIST_SP_800-53_R5_RA-5 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 RA-5 Risk Assessment Vulnerability Monitoring and Scanning Shared n/a a. Monitor and scan for vulnerabilities in the system and hosted applications [Assignment: organization-defined frequency and/or randomly in accordance with organization-defined process] and when new vulnerabilities potentially affecting the system are identified and reported; b. Employ vulnerability monitoring tools and techniques that facilitate interoperability among tools and automate parts of the vulnerability management process by using standards for: 1. Enumerating platforms, software flaws, and improper configurations; 2. Formatting checklists and test procedures; and 3. Measuring vulnerability impact; c. Analyze vulnerability scan reports and results from vulnerability monitoring; d. Remediate legitimate vulnerabilities [Assignment: organization-defined response times] in accordance with an organizational assessment of risk; e. Share information obtained from the vulnerability monitoring process and control assessments with [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] to help eliminate similar vulnerabilities in other systems; and f. Employ vulnerability monitoring tools that include the capability to readily update the vulnerabilities to be scanned. link 22
NIST_SP_800-53_R5 SI-4 NIST_SP_800-53_R5_SI-4 NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 SI-4 System and Information Integrity System Monitoring Shared n/a a. Monitor the system to detect: 1. Attacks and indicators of potential attacks in accordance with the following monitoring objectives: [Assignment: organization-defined monitoring objectives]; and 2. Unauthorized local, network, and remote connections; b. Identify unauthorized use of the system through the following techniques and methods: [Assignment: organization-defined techniques and methods]; c. Invoke internal monitoring capabilities or deploy monitoring devices: 1. Strategically within the system to collect organization-determined essential information; and 2. At ad hoc locations within the system to track specific types of transactions of interest to the organization; d. Analyze detected events and anomalies; e. Adjust the level of system monitoring activity when there is a change in risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, or the Nation; f. Obtain legal opinion regarding system monitoring activities; and g. Provide [Assignment: organization-defined system monitoring information] to [Assignment: organization-defined personnel or roles] [Selection (OneOrMore): as needed; [Assignment: organization-defined frequency] ] . link 25
NZ_ISM_v3.5 ISI-2 NZ_ISM_v3.5_ISI-2 NZISM Security Benchmark ISI-2 Information Security Incidents 7.1.7 Preventing and detecting information security incidents Customer n/a Processes and procedures for the detection of information security incidents will assist in mitigating attacks using the most common vectors in systems exploits. Automated tools are only as good as their implementation and the level of analysis they perform. If tools are not configured to assess all areas of potential security risk then some vulnerabilities or attacks will not be detected. In addition, if tools are not regularly updated, including updates for new vulnerabilities and attack methods, their effectiveness will be reduced. link 11
NZISM_Security_Benchmark_v1.1 DM-6 NZISM_Security_Benchmark_v1.1_DM-6 NZISM Security Benchmark DM-6 Data management 20.4.4 Database files Customer Agencies SHOULD protect database files from access that bypass normal access controls. Even though a database may provide access controls to stored data, the database files themselves MUST also be protected. link 2
RBI_CSF_Banks_v2016 13.2 RBI_CSF_Banks_v2016_13.2 Advanced Real-Timethreat Defenceand Management Advanced Real-Timethreat Defenceand Management-13.2 n/a Implement Anti-malware, Antivirus protection including behavioural detection systems for all categories of devices ???(Endpoints such as PCs/laptops/ mobile devices etc.), servers (operating systems, databases, applications, etc.), Web/Internet gateways, email-gateways, Wireless networks, SMS servers etc. including tools and processes for centralised management and monitoring. 21
RBI_CSF_Banks_v2016 4.9 RBI_CSF_Banks_v2016_4.9 Network Management And Security Security Operation Centre-4.9 n/a Security Operation Centre to monitor the logs of various network activities and should have the capability to escalate any abnormal / undesirable activities. 15
RBI_CSF_Banks_v2016 5.1 RBI_CSF_Banks_v2016_5.1 Secure Configuration Secure Configuration-5.1 n/a Document and apply baseline security requirements/configurations to all categories of devices (end-points/workstations, mobile devices, operating systems, databases, applications, network devices, security devices, security systems, etc.), throughout the lifecycle (from conception to deployment) and carry out reviews periodically. 8
RBI_CSF_Banks_v2016 7.6 RBI_CSF_Banks_v2016_7.6 Patch/Vulnerability & Change Management Patch/Vulnerability & Change Management-7.6 n/a As a threat mitigation strategy, identify the root cause of incident and apply necessary patches to plug the vulnerabilities. 20
RBI_ITF_NBFC_v2017 3.1.f RBI_ITF_NBFC_v2017_3.1.f RBI IT Framework 3.1.f Information and Cyber Security Maker-checker-3.1 n/a The IS Policy must provide for a IS framework with the following basic tenets: Maker-checker is one of the important principles of authorization in the information systems of financial entities. For each transaction, there must be at least two individuals necessary for its completion as this will reduce the risk of error and will ensure reliability of information. link 23
RBI_ITF_NBFC_v2017 3.1.g RBI_ITF_NBFC_v2017_3.1.g RBI IT Framework 3.1.g Information and Cyber Security Trails-3.1 n/a The IS Policy must provide for a IS framework with the following basic tenets: Trails- NBFCs shall ensure that audit trails exist for IT assets satisfying its business requirements including regulatory and legal requirements, facilitating audit, serving as forensic evidence when required and assisting in dispute resolution. If an employee, for instance, attempts to access an unauthorized section, this improper activity should be recorded in the audit trail. link 39
SOC_2 CC7.2 SOC_2_CC7.2 SOC 2 Type 2 CC7.2 System Operations Monitor system components for anomalous behavior Shared The customer is responsible for implementing this recommendation. • Implements Detection Policies, Procedures, and Tools — Detection policies and procedures are defined and implemented and detection tools are implemented on infrastructure and software to identify anomalies in the operation or unusual activity on systems. Procedures may include (1) a defined governance process for security event detection and management that includes provision of resources; (2) use of intelligence sources to identify newly discovered threats and vulnerabilities; and (3) logging of unusual system activities. • Designs Detection Measures — Detection measures are designed to identify anomalies that could result from actual or attempted (1) compromise of physical barriers; (2) unauthorized actions of authorized personnel; (3) use of compromised identification and authentication credentials; (4) unauthorized access from outside the system boundaries; (5) compromise of authorized external parties; and (6) implementation or connection of unauthorized hardware and software. • Implements Filters to Analyze Anomalies — Management has implemented procedures to filter, summarize, and analyze anomalies to identify security events. • Monitors Detection Tools for Effective Operation — Management has implemented processes to monitor the effectiveness of detection tools 20
U.09.3 - Detection, prevention and recovery U.09.3 - Detection, prevention and recovery 404 not found n/a n/a 32
U.15.1 - Events logged U.15.1 - Events logged 404 not found n/a n/a 42
UK_NCSC_CSP 13 UK_NCSC_CSP_13 UK NCSC CSP 13 Audit information for users Audit information for users Shared n/a You should be provided with the audit records needed to monitor access to your service and the data held within it. The type of audit information available to you will have a direct impact on your ability to detect and respond to inappropriate or malicious activity within reasonable timescales. link 3
UK_NCSC_CSP 5.2 UK_NCSC_CSP_5.2 UK NCSC CSP 5.2 Operational security Vulnerability management Shared n/a Service providers should have a management processes in place to identify, triage and mitigate vulnerabilities. Services which don’t, will quickly become vulnerable to attack using publicly known methods and tools. link 11
Initiatives usage
Initiative DisplayName Initiative Id Initiative Category State Type
[Deprecated]: Azure Security Benchmark v1 42a694ed-f65e-42b2-aa9e-8052e9740a92 Regulatory Compliance Deprecated BuiltIn
[Deprecated]: DoD Impact Level 4 8d792a84-723c-4d92-a3c3-e4ed16a2d133 Regulatory Compliance Deprecated BuiltIn
[Preview]: Australian Government ISM PROTECTED 27272c0b-c225-4cc3-b8b0-f2534b093077 Regulatory Compliance Preview BuiltIn
[Preview]: CMMC 2.0 Level 2 4e50fd13-098b-3206-61d6-d1d78205cb45 Regulatory Compliance Preview BuiltIn
[Preview]: Control the use of Microsoft SQL in a Virtual Enclave 0fbe78a5-1722-4f1b-83a5-89c14151fa60 VirtualEnclaves Preview BuiltIn
[Preview]: Reserve Bank of India - IT Framework for Banks d0d5578d-cc08-2b22-31e3-f525374f235a Regulatory Compliance Preview BuiltIn
[Preview]: Reserve Bank of India - IT Framework for NBFC 7f89f09c-48c1-f28d-1bd5-84f3fb22f86c Regulatory Compliance Preview BuiltIn
[Preview]: SWIFT CSP-CSCF v2020 3e0c67fc-8c7c-406c-89bd-6b6bdc986a22 Regulatory Compliance Preview BuiltIn
Canada Federal PBMM 4c4a5f27-de81-430b-b4e5-9cbd50595a87 Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark v1.1.0 1a5bb27d-173f-493e-9568-eb56638dde4d Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark v1.3.0 612b5213-9160-4969-8578-1518bd2a000c Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark v1.4.0 c3f5c4d9-9a1d-4a99-85c0-7f93e384d5c5 Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark v2.0.0 06f19060-9e68-4070-92ca-f15cc126059e Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
CMMC Level 3 b5629c75-5c77-4422-87b9-2509e680f8de Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
FedRAMP High d5264498-16f4-418a-b659-fa7ef418175f Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
FedRAMP Moderate e95f5a9f-57ad-4d03-bb0b-b1d16db93693 Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
IRS1075 September 2016 105e0327-6175-4eb2-9af4-1fba43bdb39d Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
Microsoft cloud security benchmark 1f3afdf9-d0c9-4c3d-847f-89da613e70a8 Security Center GA BuiltIn
New Zealand ISM Restricted d1a462af-7e6d-4901-98ac-61570b4ed22a Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
New Zealand ISM Restricted v3.5 93d2179e-3068-c82f-2428-d614ae836a04 Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2 03055927-78bd-4236-86c0-f36125a10dc9 Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 cf25b9c1-bd23-4eb6-bd2c-f4f3ac644a5f Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 179d1daa-458f-4e47-8086-2a68d0d6c38f Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
NL BIO Cloud Theme 6ce73208-883e-490f-a2ac-44aac3b3687f Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
SOC 2 Type 2 4054785f-702b-4a98-9215-009cbd58b141 Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
UK OFFICIAL and UK NHS 3937f550-eedd-4639-9c5e-294358be442e Regulatory Compliance GA BuiltIn
History
Date/Time (UTC ymd) (i) Change type Change detail
2021-06-08 15:17:13 change Patch (2.0.0 > 2.0.1)
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